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Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 212 - 218, 01.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1003294

Öz

This study was aimed to be conducted to determine the death anxiety and death-related depression of nurses who work in the Covid-19 intensive care units. The study was carried out descriptive study with 264 nurses working in 11 Covid-19 intensive care units within the pandemic department of a hospital. Data were collected by Nurse Introduction, Templer Death Anxiety Scale and Death Depression Scale. It was found that the anxiety levels of the nurses were high and their depression levels were moderate; The Death Anxiety Scale and Death Depression Scale scores of the nurses who did not feel any emotion related to the deaths of Covid patients were higher than those who felt sadness and anxiety (P<0.05). A moderate, positive and significant relationship was found between Death Depression Scale and Death Anxiety Scale total scale scores. For nurses working in intensive care, it is recommended to make new plans for crisis management and to take measures to manage death depression and anxiety.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

  • Araz A, Direkçi EA. 2019. Gender and age differences in the happiness, sadness and anger expression styles. Yeni Symp, 57(1): 16-24.
  • Al Maqbali M, Al Sinani M, Al-Lenjawi B. 2020. Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosomatic Res, 141: 1-18.
  • Allana SM, Bealeya R, Bircha J, Cushinga T, Parkea S, Sergia G, Meiser-Stedman R. 2020. The prevalence of common and stress-related mental health disorders in healthcare workers based in pandemic-affected hospitals: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. European J Psychotraumatol, 11: 1810903 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1810903.
  • Anmella G, Fico G, Roca A, Gómez-Ramiro M, Vázquez M, Murru A, Vieta E. 2020. Unravelling potential severe psychiatric repercussions on healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 crisis. J Affective Disord, 273: 422-424.
  • Aslan R. 2020. Endemic diseases in history and today and Covid 19. Lakes Region Monthly J Econom Culture, 8(85): 35–41.
  • Ay F, Gençtürk, N. 2013. Midwifery student’s opinions related to death, terminal period and palliative care: Focus group study. Florence Nightingale J Nurs, 21(3): 164-171.
  • Bohlken J, Schömig F, Lemke MR, Pumberger M, Riedel-Heller SG. 2020. COVID-19-pandemie: Belastungen des medizinischen personals. Psychiatrische Praxis, 47(04): 190-197. DOI: 10.1055/a-1159-5551.
  • Cao J, Wei J, Zhu H, Duan Y, Geng W, Hong X, Zhu B. 2020. A study of basic needs and psychological wellbeing of medical workers in the fever clinic of a tertiary general hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychother Psychosomatics, 89(4): 252-254. DOI: 10.1159/000507453.
  • Çevik Aktura S, Özden G. 2020. Psychological effects of the epidemic: nurses of covid-19. J Int Soc Res, 13(73): 1146-1151.
  • Eke S. 2003. Comparison of death anxiety of workers in different professions. MSc Thesis, Marmara University, Turkey, pp: 121.
  • El-Hage W, Hingray C, Lemogne C, Yrondi A, Brunault P, Bienvenu T, Bennabi D. 2020. Les professionnels de santé face à la pandémie de la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19): quels risques pour leur santé mentale? L'encephale, 46(3): 73-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.008.
  • Fukuti P, Uchôa CLM, Mazzoco MF, Corchs F, Kamitsuji CS, Rossi LD, Barros-Filho T. 2020. How institutions can protect the mental health and psychosocial well-being of their healthcare workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Clinics, 3(75): e1963. DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1963.
  • Gavin B, Hayden J, Adamis D, McNicholas F. 2020. Caring for the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals in the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. Ir Med J, 113(4): 51.
  • Inci F, Öz F. 2012. Palliative care and death anxiety. Current Approac Psychiatry, 4(2): 178-187.
  • Jackson D, Bradbury Jones C, Baptiste D, Gelling L, Morin K, Neville S, Smith GD. 2020. Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID‐19. J Clin Nurs. 29: 2041-2043. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15257.
  • Jiang Y. 2020. Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) in Hubei, China. Med Sci Monit, 26(1): 16. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924171.
  • Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. 2020. Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 67(2): 158-167.
  • Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, Yang BX. 2020. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immun, 87: 11-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028.
  • Kao IH, Perng JW. 2021. Early prediction of coronavirus disease epidemic severity in the contiguous United States based on deep learning. Results in Physics, 25: 104287. DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104287.
  • Kara N. 2002. Determining the feelings and thoughts of nurses working in intensive care units about death. MSc Thesis, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey, pp: 118.
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Li R. 2020. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3): 1-12.
  • Lázaro-Pérez C, Martínez-López JÁ, Gómez-Galán J, López-Meneses E. 2020. Anxiety about the risk of death of their patients in health professionals in Spain: Analysis at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(16): 5938. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165938.
  • Lee JH, Lee D, Kim J, Jeon K, Sim M. 2017. Duty related trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms in professional Firefighters. J Traumatic Stress, 30(2): 133-141.
  • Lichtenthal WG, Roberts KE, Prigerson HG. 2020. Bereavement care in the wake of COVID-19: offering condolences and referrals. Annals of Internal Med, 173(10): 833-835. DOI: 10.7326/M20-2526.
  • Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, García-Albuerne Y, Martín-García J. 2020. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, levels of resilience and burnout in Spanish health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res and Public Health, 17(15): 5514. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155514.
  • Maria LB, Daniela DR, Jaime LN, Lorenzo M, Pierfrancesco B, Michelangelo D, Biagio M. 2020. Psychological impact and contextual factors associated with physical and mental health conditions of Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 disease outbreak. Appl Psychol Health Well Being, 12(4): 1054-1073. DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12239.
  • Mosheva M, Gross R, Hertz Palmor N, Hasson‐Ohayon I, Kaplan R, Cleper R, Pessach I M. 2021. The association between witnessing patient death and mental health outcomes in frontline COVID 19 healthcare workers. Depression and Anxiety, 38(4): 468-479. DOI: 10.1002/da.23140.
  • Nurses ICO. 2020. ICN confirms 1,500 nurses have died from COVID 19 in 44 countries and estimates that healthcare worker COVID 19 fatalities worldwide could be more than 20,000. URL: https://www.icn.ch/news/icn-confirms-1500-nurses-have-died-covid-19-44-countries-and-estimates-healthcare-worker-covid (accessed: November 20, 2020).
  • Olum R, Chekwech G, Wekha G, Nassozi DR, Bongomin F. 2020. Coronavirus disease-2019: knowledge, attitude, and practices of health care workers at Makerere University Teaching Hospitals, Uganda. Frontiers in Public Health, 8: 181. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00181.
  • Quinn M, Markkanen P, Galligan C, Sama S, Lindberg J, Edwards M. 2021. Healthy aging requires a healthy home care workforce: The occupational safety and health of home care aides. Current Environ Health Rep, 12: 1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00315-7.
  • Sakaoğlu H, Orbatu D, Emiroglu M, Çakır, Ö. 2020. Spielberger state and trait anxiety level in healthcare professionals during the Covid 19 outbreak: a case of Tepecik Hospital. J Tepecik Educ Res Hosp, 30(2): 1-9. DOI: 10.5222/terh.2020.56873.
  • Selman LE, Chao D, Sowden R, Marshall S, Chamberlain C, Koffman J. 2020. Bereavement support on the frontline of COVID-19: recommendations for hospital clinicians. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 60(2): 81-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.024.
  • Shechter A, Diaz F, Moise N, Anstey DE, Ye S, Agarwal S, Chang B. 2020. Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gen Hospital Psychiatry, 66: 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.007.
  • Şahin M, Demirkıran F, Adana F. 2016. Nursing students’ death anxiety, influencing factors and request of caring for dying people. J Psychiatric Nurs, 7(3): 135-141. DOI: 10.5505/phd.2016.66588.
  • Şenol C. 1989. Anxiety and fears about death in the elderly living in institutions in Ankara. MSc Thesis, Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara, Turkey, pp: 83.
  • Templer DI. 1970. The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. J Gen Psychol, 82(2): 165-177.
  • Templer DI, Lavoie M, Chalgujian H, Thomas Dobson S. 1990. The measurement of death depression. J Clin Psychol, 46(6): 834-839.
  • Yaparel R, Yildiz M. 1998. A Study on the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of death depression scale in the normal population. Turkish J Psychiatry, 9(3): 198-204.
  • Zerbini G, Ebigbo A, Reicherts P, Kunz M, Messman H. 2020. Psychosocial burden of healthcare professionals in times of COVID-19–a survey conducted at the University Hospital Augsburg. GMS German Medical Science, 18: Doc05.
  • Zhao F, Ahmed F, Faraz NA. 2020. Caring for the caregiver during COVID-19 outbreak: Does inclusive leadership improve psychological safety and curb psychological distress? A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud, 110: 103725. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103725.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 212 - 218, 01.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1003294

Öz

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

  • Araz A, Direkçi EA. 2019. Gender and age differences in the happiness, sadness and anger expression styles. Yeni Symp, 57(1): 16-24.
  • Al Maqbali M, Al Sinani M, Al-Lenjawi B. 2020. Prevalence of stress, depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosomatic Res, 141: 1-18.
  • Allana SM, Bealeya R, Bircha J, Cushinga T, Parkea S, Sergia G, Meiser-Stedman R. 2020. The prevalence of common and stress-related mental health disorders in healthcare workers based in pandemic-affected hospitals: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. European J Psychotraumatol, 11: 1810903 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1810903.
  • Anmella G, Fico G, Roca A, Gómez-Ramiro M, Vázquez M, Murru A, Vieta E. 2020. Unravelling potential severe psychiatric repercussions on healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 crisis. J Affective Disord, 273: 422-424.
  • Aslan R. 2020. Endemic diseases in history and today and Covid 19. Lakes Region Monthly J Econom Culture, 8(85): 35–41.
  • Ay F, Gençtürk, N. 2013. Midwifery student’s opinions related to death, terminal period and palliative care: Focus group study. Florence Nightingale J Nurs, 21(3): 164-171.
  • Bohlken J, Schömig F, Lemke MR, Pumberger M, Riedel-Heller SG. 2020. COVID-19-pandemie: Belastungen des medizinischen personals. Psychiatrische Praxis, 47(04): 190-197. DOI: 10.1055/a-1159-5551.
  • Cao J, Wei J, Zhu H, Duan Y, Geng W, Hong X, Zhu B. 2020. A study of basic needs and psychological wellbeing of medical workers in the fever clinic of a tertiary general hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychother Psychosomatics, 89(4): 252-254. DOI: 10.1159/000507453.
  • Çevik Aktura S, Özden G. 2020. Psychological effects of the epidemic: nurses of covid-19. J Int Soc Res, 13(73): 1146-1151.
  • Eke S. 2003. Comparison of death anxiety of workers in different professions. MSc Thesis, Marmara University, Turkey, pp: 121.
  • El-Hage W, Hingray C, Lemogne C, Yrondi A, Brunault P, Bienvenu T, Bennabi D. 2020. Les professionnels de santé face à la pandémie de la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19): quels risques pour leur santé mentale? L'encephale, 46(3): 73-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.008.
  • Fukuti P, Uchôa CLM, Mazzoco MF, Corchs F, Kamitsuji CS, Rossi LD, Barros-Filho T. 2020. How institutions can protect the mental health and psychosocial well-being of their healthcare workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Clinics, 3(75): e1963. DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1963.
  • Gavin B, Hayden J, Adamis D, McNicholas F. 2020. Caring for the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals in the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. Ir Med J, 113(4): 51.
  • Inci F, Öz F. 2012. Palliative care and death anxiety. Current Approac Psychiatry, 4(2): 178-187.
  • Jackson D, Bradbury Jones C, Baptiste D, Gelling L, Morin K, Neville S, Smith GD. 2020. Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID‐19. J Clin Nurs. 29: 2041-2043. DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15257.
  • Jiang Y. 2020. Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) in Hubei, China. Med Sci Monit, 26(1): 16. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924171.
  • Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. 2020. Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 67(2): 158-167.
  • Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, Yang BX. 2020. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immun, 87: 11-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028.
  • Kao IH, Perng JW. 2021. Early prediction of coronavirus disease epidemic severity in the contiguous United States based on deep learning. Results in Physics, 25: 104287. DOI: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104287.
  • Kara N. 2002. Determining the feelings and thoughts of nurses working in intensive care units about death. MSc Thesis, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey, pp: 118.
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Li R. 2020. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3): 1-12.
  • Lázaro-Pérez C, Martínez-López JÁ, Gómez-Galán J, López-Meneses E. 2020. Anxiety about the risk of death of their patients in health professionals in Spain: Analysis at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(16): 5938. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165938.
  • Lee JH, Lee D, Kim J, Jeon K, Sim M. 2017. Duty related trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms in professional Firefighters. J Traumatic Stress, 30(2): 133-141.
  • Lichtenthal WG, Roberts KE, Prigerson HG. 2020. Bereavement care in the wake of COVID-19: offering condolences and referrals. Annals of Internal Med, 173(10): 833-835. DOI: 10.7326/M20-2526.
  • Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, García-Albuerne Y, Martín-García J. 2020. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, levels of resilience and burnout in Spanish health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res and Public Health, 17(15): 5514. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155514.
  • Maria LB, Daniela DR, Jaime LN, Lorenzo M, Pierfrancesco B, Michelangelo D, Biagio M. 2020. Psychological impact and contextual factors associated with physical and mental health conditions of Italian Healthcare Professionals during the COVID-19 disease outbreak. Appl Psychol Health Well Being, 12(4): 1054-1073. DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12239.
  • Mosheva M, Gross R, Hertz Palmor N, Hasson‐Ohayon I, Kaplan R, Cleper R, Pessach I M. 2021. The association between witnessing patient death and mental health outcomes in frontline COVID 19 healthcare workers. Depression and Anxiety, 38(4): 468-479. DOI: 10.1002/da.23140.
  • Nurses ICO. 2020. ICN confirms 1,500 nurses have died from COVID 19 in 44 countries and estimates that healthcare worker COVID 19 fatalities worldwide could be more than 20,000. URL: https://www.icn.ch/news/icn-confirms-1500-nurses-have-died-covid-19-44-countries-and-estimates-healthcare-worker-covid (accessed: November 20, 2020).
  • Olum R, Chekwech G, Wekha G, Nassozi DR, Bongomin F. 2020. Coronavirus disease-2019: knowledge, attitude, and practices of health care workers at Makerere University Teaching Hospitals, Uganda. Frontiers in Public Health, 8: 181. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00181.
  • Quinn M, Markkanen P, Galligan C, Sama S, Lindberg J, Edwards M. 2021. Healthy aging requires a healthy home care workforce: The occupational safety and health of home care aides. Current Environ Health Rep, 12: 1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00315-7.
  • Sakaoğlu H, Orbatu D, Emiroglu M, Çakır, Ö. 2020. Spielberger state and trait anxiety level in healthcare professionals during the Covid 19 outbreak: a case of Tepecik Hospital. J Tepecik Educ Res Hosp, 30(2): 1-9. DOI: 10.5222/terh.2020.56873.
  • Selman LE, Chao D, Sowden R, Marshall S, Chamberlain C, Koffman J. 2020. Bereavement support on the frontline of COVID-19: recommendations for hospital clinicians. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 60(2): 81-86. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.024.
  • Shechter A, Diaz F, Moise N, Anstey DE, Ye S, Agarwal S, Chang B. 2020. Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gen Hospital Psychiatry, 66: 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.06.007.
  • Şahin M, Demirkıran F, Adana F. 2016. Nursing students’ death anxiety, influencing factors and request of caring for dying people. J Psychiatric Nurs, 7(3): 135-141. DOI: 10.5505/phd.2016.66588.
  • Şenol C. 1989. Anxiety and fears about death in the elderly living in institutions in Ankara. MSc Thesis, Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara, Turkey, pp: 83.
  • Templer DI. 1970. The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. J Gen Psychol, 82(2): 165-177.
  • Templer DI, Lavoie M, Chalgujian H, Thomas Dobson S. 1990. The measurement of death depression. J Clin Psychol, 46(6): 834-839.
  • Yaparel R, Yildiz M. 1998. A Study on the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of death depression scale in the normal population. Turkish J Psychiatry, 9(3): 198-204.
  • Zerbini G, Ebigbo A, Reicherts P, Kunz M, Messman H. 2020. Psychosocial burden of healthcare professionals in times of COVID-19–a survey conducted at the University Hospital Augsburg. GMS German Medical Science, 18: Doc05.
  • Zhao F, Ahmed F, Faraz NA. 2020. Caring for the caregiver during COVID-19 outbreak: Does inclusive leadership improve psychological safety and curb psychological distress? A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud, 110: 103725. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103725.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hemşirelik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Filiz Özkan 0000-0002-7286-3548

Ömer Ödek 0000-0002-6704-8178

İpek Turhan 0000-0002-4632-7928

Proje Numarası -
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mayıs 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Ekim 2021
Kabul Tarihi 20 Ocak 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özkan, F., Ödek, Ö., & Turhan, İ. (2022). Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 5(2), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1003294
AMA Özkan F, Ödek Ö, Turhan İ. Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care. BSJ Health Sci. Mayıs 2022;5(2):212-218. doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1003294
Chicago Özkan, Filiz, Ömer Ödek, ve İpek Turhan. “Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 5, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2022): 212-18. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1003294.
EndNote Özkan F, Ödek Ö, Turhan İ (01 Mayıs 2022) Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 5 2 212–218.
IEEE F. Özkan, Ö. Ödek, ve İ. Turhan, “Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care”, BSJ Health Sci., c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 212–218, 2022, doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.1003294.
ISNAD Özkan, Filiz vd. “Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 5/2 (Mayıs 2022), 212-218. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1003294.
JAMA Özkan F, Ödek Ö, Turhan İ. Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care. BSJ Health Sci. 2022;5:212–218.
MLA Özkan, Filiz vd. “Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, c. 5, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 212-8, doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1003294.
Vancouver Özkan F, Ödek Ö, Turhan İ. Laboring Health: Death Anxiety and Depression Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Intensive Care. BSJ Health Sci. 2022;5(2):212-8.