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Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 625 - 631, 15.10.2023

Demet Yavuz Nezaket Kadı Düriye Sıla Karagöz Özen Melek Bilgin Mehmet Derya Demirag

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1296114

Öz

The aim of this study is to compare the rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) occurence and mortality between hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection variant B.1.1.7 positive and negative. 200 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection included in the study. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and the laboratory values were obtained retrospectively from the patient files and electronic records. 121 patients with variant B.1.1.7 positive SARS-CoV-2 (group I) and 79 patients with variant B.1.1.7 negative SARS-CoV-2 (group II) included in the study. Acute kidney injury developed at a higher rate in group II patients [15/79 (19%),] compared to group I patients [7/121 (5.8%)] (P=0.004). When 180 patients without chronic kidney disease included in the analysis, acute kidney injury developed in 7 (6.4%) of 110 variant-positive patients, while acute kidney injury developed in 13 (18.6%) of 70 variant-negative patients (P=0.011). It was shown that, AKI development was lower in variant positive patients compared to variant negative patients (OR: 0.32 and 95% CI: 0.12 – 0.88, P=0.027) and age was an independent risk factor for AKI (OR: 1.06 and 95% CI: 1.02 – 1.11, P=0.002). The development of AKI, presence of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease and age were found to be independent risk factors for mortality [respectively (OR: 6.09 and 95% CI: 1.64 – 22.58, P=0.005), (OR: 5.37 and 95% CI: 1.38 – 20.93, P=0.016), (OR: 1.06 and 95% CI: 1.02 – 1.11, P=0.005)].

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acute kidney injury Mortality SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7

Kaynakça

  • Betjes MG. 2013. Immune cell dysfunction and inflammation in end-stage renal disease. Nat Rev Nephrol, 9(5): 255-265.
  • Callaway E. 2021. Heavily mutated Omicron variant puts scientists on alert. Nature, 600(7887): 21.
  • Carriazo S, Kanbay M, Ortiz A. 2020. Kidney disease and electrolytes in COVID-19: more than meets the eye. Clin Kidney J, 13(3): 274-280.
  • Chavda VP, Kapadia C, Soni S, Prajapati R, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM, Apostolopoulos V. 2022. A global picture: therapeutic perspectives for COVID-19. Immunotherapy, 14(5): 351-371.
  • Chen R, Liang W, Jiang M, Guan W, Zhan C, Wang T, Tang C, Sang L, Liu J, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liu L, Shan H, Lei C, Peng Y, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu Y, Peng P, Wang J, Liu J, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng Z, Qiu S, Luo J, Ye C, Zhu S, Liu X,
  • Cheng L, Ye F, Zheng J, Zhang N, Li Y, He J, Li S, Zhong N, Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19. 2020. Risk factors of fatal outcome in hospitalized subjects with coronavirus disease 2019 from a nationwide analysis in China. Chest, 158(1): 97-105.
  • Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L, Li J, Yao Y, Ge S, Xu G. 2020. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int, 97(5): 829-838.
  • Chu KH, Tsang WK, Tang CS, Lam MF, Lai FM, To KF, Fung KS, Tang HL, Yan WW, Chan HW, Lai TS, Tong KL, Lai KN. 2005. Acute renal impairment in coronavirus-associated severe acute respiratory syndrome. Kidney Int, 67(2): 698-705.
  • Copur S, Berkkan M, Basile C, Tuttle K, Kanbay M. 2022. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and kidney diseases: what do we know? J Nephrol, 35(3): 795-805.
  • Couturier A, Ferlicot S, Chevalier K, Guillet M, Essig M, Jauréguiberry S, Collarino R, Dargelos M, Michaut A, Geri G, Roque-Afonso AM, Zaidan M, Massy ZA. 2020. Indirect effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on the kidney in coronavirus disease patients. Clin Kidney J, 13(3): 347-353.
  • D'Marco L, Puchades MJ, Romero-Parra M, Gimenez-Civera E, Soler MJ, Ortiz A, Gorriz JL. 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J, 13(3): 297-306.
  • Ejaz H, Alsrhani A, Zafar A, Javed H, Junaid K, Abdalla AE, Abosalif KOA, Ahmed Z, Younas S. 2020. COVID-19 and comorbidities: Deleterious impact on infected patients. J Infect Public Health, 13(12): 1833-1839.
  • El-Shabasy RM, Nayel MA, Taher MM, Abdelmonem R, Shoueir KR, Kenawy ER. 2022. Three waves changes, new variant strains, and vaccination effect against COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Biol Macromol, 204: 161-168.
  • Farkash EA, Wilson AM, Jentzen JM. 2020. Ultrastructural evidence for direct renal infection with SARS-CoV-2. J Am Soc Nephrol, 31(8): 1683-1687.
  • Gao YM, Xu G, Wang B, Liu BC. 2021. Cytokine storm syndrome in coronavirus disease 2019: A narrative review. J Intern Med, 289(2): 147-161.
  • Garg S, Kim L, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, Cummings C, Holstein R, Prill M, Chai SJ, Kirley PD, Alden NB, Kawasaki B, Yousey-Hindes K, Niccolai L, Anderson EJ, Openo KP, Weigel A, Monroe ML, Ryan P, Henderson J, Kim S, Como-Sabetti K, Lynfield R, Sosin D, Torres S, Muse A, Bennett NM, Billing L, Sutton M, West N, Schaffner W, Talbot HK, Aquino C, George A, Budd A, Brammer L, Langley G, Hall AJ, Fry A. 2020. Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69(15): 458-464.
  • González-Cuadrado S, Lorz C, García del Moral R, O'Valle F, Alonso C, Ramiro F, Ortiz-González A, Egido J, Ortiz A. 1997. Agonistic anti-Fas antibodies induce glomerular cell apoptosis in mice in vivo. Kidney Int, 51(6): 1739-1746.
  • Gu J, Gong E, Zhang B, Zheng J, Gao Z, Zhong Y, Zou W, Zhan J, Wang S, Xie Z, Zhuang H, Wu B, Zhong H, Shao H, Fang W, Gao D, Pei F, Li X, He Z, Xu D, Shi X, Anderson VM, Leong AS. 2005. Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS. J Exp Med, 202(3): 415-424.
  • Gupta D, Sahoo AK, Singh A. 2020. Ivermectin: potential candidate for the treatment of Covid 19. Braz J Infect Dis, 24(4): 369-371.
  • Jin JM, Bai P, He W, Wu F, Liu XF, Han DM, Liu S, Yang JK. 2020. Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: Focus on severity and mortality. Front Public Health, 8: 152.
  • Jung JY, Park BH, Hong SB, Koh Y, Suh GY, Jeon K, Koh SO, Kim JY, Cho JH, Choi HS, Park YB, Kim HC, Kim YS, Lim CY, Park MS. 2011. Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with pandemic influenza A pneumonia 2009 in Korea: a multicenter study. J Crit Care, 26(6): 577-85.
  • Kanbay M, Medetalibeyoglu A, Kanbay A, Cevik E, Tanriover C, Baygul A, Şenkal N, Konyaoglu H, Akpinar TS, Kose M, Covic A, Tukek T. 2022. Acute kidney injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Int Urol Nephrol, 54(5): 1097-1104.
  • Khwaja A. 2012. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract, 120(4): 179-184.
  • Liu Y, Yan LM, Wan L, Xiang TX, Le A, Liu JM, Peiris M, Poon LLM, Zhang W. 2020. Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis, 20(6): 656-657.
  • Naicker S, Yang CW, Hwang SJ, Liu BC, Chen JH, Jha V. 2020. The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. Kidney Int, 97(5): 824-828.
  • CDC. 2021. Omicron variant: what you need to know. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/omicron-variant.html (accessed date: 23 March 2023).
  • Ozturk C, Yavuz D. 2022. Varyant B.1.1.7 pozitif ve negatif SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunda akut böbrek yetmezliği ve mortalitenin karşılaştırılması. Harran Üniv Tıp Fak Derg, 19(1): 8-13.
  • Peña JE, Rascón-Pacheco RA, Ascencio-Montiel IJ, González-Figueroa E, Fernández-Gárate JE, Medina-Gómez OS, Borja-Bustamante P, Santillán-Oropeza JA, Borja-Aburto VH. 2021. Hypertension, diabetes and obesity, major risk factors for death in patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. Arch Med Res, 52(4): 443-449.
  • Ronco C, Reis T. 2020. Kidney involvement in COVID-19 and rationale for extracorporeal therapies. Nat Rev Nephrol, 16(6): 308-310.
  • Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ortiz A. 2011. TWEAK, a multifunctional cytokine in kidney injury. Kidney Int, 80(7): 708-718.
  • SBS. 2020. Scientific board study. Guidance to COVID-19 (SARS Cov2 Infection) Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. URL: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/?_Dil=2 (accessed date: April 14 2020).
  • Shi Y, Wang Y, Shao C, Huang J, Gan J, Huang X, Bucci E, Piacentini M, Ippolito G, Melino G. 2020. COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses. Cell Death Differ, 27(5): 1451-1454.
  • Sibbel S, Sato R, Hunt A, Turenne W, Brunelli SM. 2016. The clinical and economic burden of pneumonia in patients enrolled in Medicare receiving dialysis: a retrospective, observational cohort study. BMC Nephrol, 17(1): 199.
  • Snell LB, Wang W, Alcolea-Medina A, Charalampous T, Nebbia G, Batra, Rahul; de Jongh L, Higgins F, Wang Y, Edgeworth JD, Curcin, V. 2021.First and second SARS-CoV-2 waves in inner London: A comparison of admission characteristics and the effects of the B.1.1.7 variant. BMJ Open, 2021: 055474.
  • Su H, Yang M, Wan C, Yi LX, Tang F, Zhu HY, Yi F, Yang HC, Fogo AB, Nie X, Zhang C. 2020. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int, 98(1): 219-227.
  • Tao K, Tzou PL, Nouhin J, Gupta RK, de Oliveira T, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Fera D, Shafer RW. 2021. The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Rev Genet, 22(12):757-773.
  • Zahid U, Ramachandran P, Spitalewitz S, Alasadi L, Chakraborti A, Azhar M, Mikhalina G, Sherazi A, Narh JT, Khattar P, Bedi P. 2020. Acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients: An inner city hospital experience and policy implications. Am J Nephrol, 51(10):786-796.
  • Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Si HR, Zhu Y, Li B, Huang CL, Chen HD, Chen J, Luo Y, Guo H, Jiang RD, Liu MQ, Chen Y, Shen XR, Wang X, Zheng XS, Zhao K, Chen QJ, Deng F, Liu LL, Yan B, Zhan FX, Wang YY, Xiao GF, Shi ZL. 2020. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579(7798): 270-273.
  • Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Chu M. 2022. Role of COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Front Immunol, 13: 898192.
  • Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z. 2020. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med, 14(2): 185-192.

Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4, 625 - 631, 15.10.2023

Demet Yavuz Nezaket Kadı Düriye Sıla Karagöz Özen Melek Bilgin Mehmet Derya Demirag

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1296114

Öz

The aim of this study is to compare the rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) occurence and mortality between hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection variant B.1.1.7 positive and negative. 200 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection included in the study. The sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and the laboratory values were obtained retrospectively from the patient files and electronic records. 121 patients with variant B.1.1.7 positive SARS-CoV-2 (group I) and 79 patients with variant B.1.1.7 negative SARS-CoV-2 (group II) included in the study. Acute kidney injury developed at a higher rate in group II patients [15/79 (19%),] compared to group I patients [7/121 (5.8%)] (P=0.004). When 180 patients without chronic kidney disease included in the analysis, acute kidney injury developed in 7 (6.4%) of 110 variant-positive patients, while acute kidney injury developed in 13 (18.6%) of 70 variant-negative patients (P=0.011). It was shown that, AKI development was lower in variant positive patients compared to variant negative patients (OR: 0.32 and 95% CI: 0.12 – 0.88, P=0.027) and age was an independent risk factor for AKI (OR: 1.06 and 95% CI: 1.02 – 1.11, P=0.002). The development of AKI, presence of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease and age were found to be independent risk factors for mortality [respectively (OR: 6.09 and 95% CI: 1.64 – 22.58, P=0.005), (OR: 5.37 and 95% CI: 1.38 – 20.93, P=0.016), (OR: 1.06 and 95% CI: 1.02 – 1.11, P=0.005)].

Anahtar Kelimeler

Acute kidney injury Mortality SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7

Kaynakça

  • Betjes MG. 2013. Immune cell dysfunction and inflammation in end-stage renal disease. Nat Rev Nephrol, 9(5): 255-265.
  • Callaway E. 2021. Heavily mutated Omicron variant puts scientists on alert. Nature, 600(7887): 21.
  • Carriazo S, Kanbay M, Ortiz A. 2020. Kidney disease and electrolytes in COVID-19: more than meets the eye. Clin Kidney J, 13(3): 274-280.
  • Chavda VP, Kapadia C, Soni S, Prajapati R, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM, Apostolopoulos V. 2022. A global picture: therapeutic perspectives for COVID-19. Immunotherapy, 14(5): 351-371.
  • Chen R, Liang W, Jiang M, Guan W, Zhan C, Wang T, Tang C, Sang L, Liu J, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liu L, Shan H, Lei C, Peng Y, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu Y, Peng P, Wang J, Liu J, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng Z, Qiu S, Luo J, Ye C, Zhu S, Liu X,
  • Cheng L, Ye F, Zheng J, Zhang N, Li Y, He J, Li S, Zhong N, Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19. 2020. Risk factors of fatal outcome in hospitalized subjects with coronavirus disease 2019 from a nationwide analysis in China. Chest, 158(1): 97-105.
  • Cheng Y, Luo R, Wang K, Zhang M, Wang Z, Dong L, Li J, Yao Y, Ge S, Xu G. 2020. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19. Kidney Int, 97(5): 829-838.
  • Chu KH, Tsang WK, Tang CS, Lam MF, Lai FM, To KF, Fung KS, Tang HL, Yan WW, Chan HW, Lai TS, Tong KL, Lai KN. 2005. Acute renal impairment in coronavirus-associated severe acute respiratory syndrome. Kidney Int, 67(2): 698-705.
  • Copur S, Berkkan M, Basile C, Tuttle K, Kanbay M. 2022. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and kidney diseases: what do we know? J Nephrol, 35(3): 795-805.
  • Couturier A, Ferlicot S, Chevalier K, Guillet M, Essig M, Jauréguiberry S, Collarino R, Dargelos M, Michaut A, Geri G, Roque-Afonso AM, Zaidan M, Massy ZA. 2020. Indirect effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on the kidney in coronavirus disease patients. Clin Kidney J, 13(3): 347-353.
  • D'Marco L, Puchades MJ, Romero-Parra M, Gimenez-Civera E, Soler MJ, Ortiz A, Gorriz JL. 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 in chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J, 13(3): 297-306.
  • Ejaz H, Alsrhani A, Zafar A, Javed H, Junaid K, Abdalla AE, Abosalif KOA, Ahmed Z, Younas S. 2020. COVID-19 and comorbidities: Deleterious impact on infected patients. J Infect Public Health, 13(12): 1833-1839.
  • El-Shabasy RM, Nayel MA, Taher MM, Abdelmonem R, Shoueir KR, Kenawy ER. 2022. Three waves changes, new variant strains, and vaccination effect against COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Biol Macromol, 204: 161-168.
  • Farkash EA, Wilson AM, Jentzen JM. 2020. Ultrastructural evidence for direct renal infection with SARS-CoV-2. J Am Soc Nephrol, 31(8): 1683-1687.
  • Gao YM, Xu G, Wang B, Liu BC. 2021. Cytokine storm syndrome in coronavirus disease 2019: A narrative review. J Intern Med, 289(2): 147-161.
  • Garg S, Kim L, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, Cummings C, Holstein R, Prill M, Chai SJ, Kirley PD, Alden NB, Kawasaki B, Yousey-Hindes K, Niccolai L, Anderson EJ, Openo KP, Weigel A, Monroe ML, Ryan P, Henderson J, Kim S, Como-Sabetti K, Lynfield R, Sosin D, Torres S, Muse A, Bennett NM, Billing L, Sutton M, West N, Schaffner W, Talbot HK, Aquino C, George A, Budd A, Brammer L, Langley G, Hall AJ, Fry A. 2020. Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69(15): 458-464.
  • González-Cuadrado S, Lorz C, García del Moral R, O'Valle F, Alonso C, Ramiro F, Ortiz-González A, Egido J, Ortiz A. 1997. Agonistic anti-Fas antibodies induce glomerular cell apoptosis in mice in vivo. Kidney Int, 51(6): 1739-1746.
  • Gu J, Gong E, Zhang B, Zheng J, Gao Z, Zhong Y, Zou W, Zhan J, Wang S, Xie Z, Zhuang H, Wu B, Zhong H, Shao H, Fang W, Gao D, Pei F, Li X, He Z, Xu D, Shi X, Anderson VM, Leong AS. 2005. Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS. J Exp Med, 202(3): 415-424.
  • Gupta D, Sahoo AK, Singh A. 2020. Ivermectin: potential candidate for the treatment of Covid 19. Braz J Infect Dis, 24(4): 369-371.
  • Jin JM, Bai P, He W, Wu F, Liu XF, Han DM, Liu S, Yang JK. 2020. Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: Focus on severity and mortality. Front Public Health, 8: 152.
  • Jung JY, Park BH, Hong SB, Koh Y, Suh GY, Jeon K, Koh SO, Kim JY, Cho JH, Choi HS, Park YB, Kim HC, Kim YS, Lim CY, Park MS. 2011. Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with pandemic influenza A pneumonia 2009 in Korea: a multicenter study. J Crit Care, 26(6): 577-85.
  • Kanbay M, Medetalibeyoglu A, Kanbay A, Cevik E, Tanriover C, Baygul A, Şenkal N, Konyaoglu H, Akpinar TS, Kose M, Covic A, Tukek T. 2022. Acute kidney injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Int Urol Nephrol, 54(5): 1097-1104.
  • Khwaja A. 2012. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Nephron Clin Pract, 120(4): 179-184.
  • Liu Y, Yan LM, Wan L, Xiang TX, Le A, Liu JM, Peiris M, Poon LLM, Zhang W. 2020. Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis, 20(6): 656-657.
  • Naicker S, Yang CW, Hwang SJ, Liu BC, Chen JH, Jha V. 2020. The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys. Kidney Int, 97(5): 824-828.
  • CDC. 2021. Omicron variant: what you need to know. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/omicron-variant.html (accessed date: 23 March 2023).
  • Ozturk C, Yavuz D. 2022. Varyant B.1.1.7 pozitif ve negatif SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunda akut böbrek yetmezliği ve mortalitenin karşılaştırılması. Harran Üniv Tıp Fak Derg, 19(1): 8-13.
  • Peña JE, Rascón-Pacheco RA, Ascencio-Montiel IJ, González-Figueroa E, Fernández-Gárate JE, Medina-Gómez OS, Borja-Bustamante P, Santillán-Oropeza JA, Borja-Aburto VH. 2021. Hypertension, diabetes and obesity, major risk factors for death in patients with COVID-19 in Mexico. Arch Med Res, 52(4): 443-449.
  • Ronco C, Reis T. 2020. Kidney involvement in COVID-19 and rationale for extracorporeal therapies. Nat Rev Nephrol, 16(6): 308-310.
  • Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Ortiz A. 2011. TWEAK, a multifunctional cytokine in kidney injury. Kidney Int, 80(7): 708-718.
  • SBS. 2020. Scientific board study. Guidance to COVID-19 (SARS Cov2 Infection) Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. URL: https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/?_Dil=2 (accessed date: April 14 2020).
  • Shi Y, Wang Y, Shao C, Huang J, Gan J, Huang X, Bucci E, Piacentini M, Ippolito G, Melino G. 2020. COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses. Cell Death Differ, 27(5): 1451-1454.
  • Sibbel S, Sato R, Hunt A, Turenne W, Brunelli SM. 2016. The clinical and economic burden of pneumonia in patients enrolled in Medicare receiving dialysis: a retrospective, observational cohort study. BMC Nephrol, 17(1): 199.
  • Snell LB, Wang W, Alcolea-Medina A, Charalampous T, Nebbia G, Batra, Rahul; de Jongh L, Higgins F, Wang Y, Edgeworth JD, Curcin, V. 2021.First and second SARS-CoV-2 waves in inner London: A comparison of admission characteristics and the effects of the B.1.1.7 variant. BMJ Open, 2021: 055474.
  • Su H, Yang M, Wan C, Yi LX, Tang F, Zhu HY, Yi F, Yang HC, Fogo AB, Nie X, Zhang C. 2020. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int, 98(1): 219-227.
  • Tao K, Tzou PL, Nouhin J, Gupta RK, de Oliveira T, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Fera D, Shafer RW. 2021. The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Rev Genet, 22(12):757-773.
  • Zahid U, Ramachandran P, Spitalewitz S, Alasadi L, Chakraborti A, Azhar M, Mikhalina G, Sherazi A, Narh JT, Khattar P, Bedi P. 2020. Acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients: An inner city hospital experience and policy implications. Am J Nephrol, 51(10):786-796.
  • Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, Si HR, Zhu Y, Li B, Huang CL, Chen HD, Chen J, Luo Y, Guo H, Jiang RD, Liu MQ, Chen Y, Shen XR, Wang X, Zheng XS, Zhao K, Chen QJ, Deng F, Liu LL, Yan B, Zhan FX, Wang YY, Xiao GF, Shi ZL. 2020. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579(7798): 270-273.
  • Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Chu M. 2022. Role of COVID-19 Vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Front Immunol, 13: 898192.
  • Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z. 2020. Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front Med, 14(2): 185-192.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İç Hastalıkları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Demet Yavuz 0000-0002-4082-6320

Nezaket Kadı 0000-0003-4069-0766

Düriye Sıla Karagöz Özen 0000-0001-7852-2114

Melek Bilgin 0000-0003-0025-8717

Mehmet Derya Demirag 0000-0001-5667-1805

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2023
Kabul Tarihi 23 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Yavuz, D., Kadı, N., Karagöz Özen, D. S., Bilgin, M., vd. (2023). Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 6(4), 625-631. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1296114
AMA Yavuz D, Kadı N, Karagöz Özen DS, Bilgin M, Demirag MD. Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection. BSJ Health Sci. Ekim 2023;6(4):625-631. doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1296114
Chicago Yavuz, Demet, Nezaket Kadı, Düriye Sıla Karagöz Özen, Melek Bilgin, ve Mehmet Derya Demirag. “Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients With COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6, sy. 4 (Ekim 2023): 625-31. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1296114.
EndNote Yavuz D, Kadı N, Karagöz Özen DS, Bilgin M, Demirag MD (01 Ekim 2023) Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6 4 625–631.
IEEE D. Yavuz, N. Kadı, D. S. Karagöz Özen, M. Bilgin, ve M. D. Demirag, “Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection”, BSJ Health Sci., c. 6, sy. 4, ss. 625–631, 2023, doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.1296114.
ISNAD Yavuz, Demet vd. “Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients With COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 6/4 (Ekim 2023), 625-631. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1296114.
JAMA Yavuz D, Kadı N, Karagöz Özen DS, Bilgin M, Demirag MD. Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6:625–631.
MLA Yavuz, Demet vd. “Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients With COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, c. 6, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 625-31, doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1296114.
Vancouver Yavuz D, Kadı N, Karagöz Özen DS, Bilgin M, Demirag MD. Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality of Patients with COVID-19, But Less Common Among Variant B.1.1.7 Positive SARS-Cov-2 Infection. BSJ Health Sci. 2023;6(4):625-31.
 Kapak Resmi İndir