Sistematik Derlemeler ve Meta Analiz
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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 32 - 48, 29.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.56016/dahudermj.1271677

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  • Pilitsi E, Farr OM, Polyzos SA, Perakakis N, Nolen-Doerr E, Papathanasiou AE, Mantzoros CS. Pharmacotherapy of obesity: Available medications and drugs under investigation. Metabolism. 2019 Mar;92:170-192. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.010.
  • Kang JG, Park CY, Kang JH, Park YW, Park SW. Randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release for obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010 Oct;12(10):876-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01242.x.
  • Narayanaswami V, Dwoskin LP. Obesity: Current and potential pharmacotherapeutics and targets. Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Feb;170:116-147. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.015.
  • Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu. 8. ed. Ankara: Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği; 2019.
  • Rodríguez JE, Campbell KM. Past, Present, and Future of Pharmacologic Therapy in Obesity. Prim Care. 2016 Mar;43(1):61-7, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.011.
  • Torgerson JS, Hauptman J, Boldrin MN, Sjöström L. XENical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27(1):155-61. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.1.155. IR N
  • Smith SR, Weissman NJ, Anderson CM, Sanchez M, Chuang E, Stubbe S, Bays H, Shanahan WR; Behavioral Modification and Lorcaserin for Overweight and Obesity Management (BLOOM) Study Group. Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 15;363(3):245-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909809.
  • Shram MJ, Schoedel KA, Bartlett C, Shazer RL, Anderson CM, Sellers EM. Evaluation of the abuse potential of lorcaserin, a serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor agonist, in recreational polydrug users. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 May;89(5):683-92. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.20.
  • Patel DK, Stanford FC. Safety and tolerability of new-generation anti-obesity medications: a narrative review. Postgrad Med. 2018 Mar;130(2):173-182. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2018.1435129.
  • Bray GA, Hollander P, Klein S, Kushner R, Levy B, Fitchet M, Perry BH. A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of topiramate for weight loss in obesity. Obes Res. 2003 Jun;11(6):722-33. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.102.
  • Srivastava G, Apovian C. Future Pharmacotherapy for Obesity: New Anti-obesity Drugs on the Horizon. Curr Obes Rep. 2018 Jun;7(2):147-161. doi: 10.1007/s13679-018-0300-4.
  • Allison DB, Gadde KM, Garvey WT, Peterson CA, Schwiers ML, Najarian T, Tam PY, Troupin B, Day WW. Controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in severely obese adults: a randomized controlled trial (EQUIP). Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Feb;20(2):330-42. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.330.
  • Jeon WS, Park CY. Antiobesity pharmacotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes: focus on long-term management. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2014 Dec 29;29(4):410-7. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.410.
  • van Can J, Sloth B, Jensen CB, Flint A, Blaak EE, Saris WH. Effects of the once-daily GLP-1 analog liraglutide on gastric emptying, glycemic parameters, appetite and energy metabolism in obese, non-diabetic adults. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Jun;38(6):784-93. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.162.
  • Farr OM, Tsoukas MA, Triantafyllou G, Dincer F, Filippaios A, Ko BJ, Mantzoros CS. Short-term administration of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide decreases circulating leptin and increases GIP levels and these changes are associated with alterations in CNS responses to food cues: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Metabolism. 2016 Jul;65(7):945-53. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.03.009.
  • Tak YJ, Lee SY. Anti-Obesity Drugs: Long-Term Efficacy and Safety: An Updated Review. World J Mens Health. 2021 Apr;39(2):208-221. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.200010.
  • Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Halpern A, Krempf M, Lau DC, le Roux CW, Violante Ortiz R, Jensen CB, Wilding JP; SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes NN8022-1839 Study Group. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 2;373(1):11-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1411892.
  • Davies MJ, Bergenstal R, Bode B, Kushner RF, Lewin A, Skjøth TV, Andreasen AH, Jensen CB, DeFronzo RA; NN8022-1922 Study Group. Efficacy of Liraglutide for Weight Loss Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SCALE Diabetes Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):687-99. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.9676.
  • Wadden TA, Hollander P, Klein S, Niswender K, Woo V, Hale PM, Aronne L; NN8022-1923 Investigators. Weight maintenance and additional weight loss with liraglutide after low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss: the SCALE Maintenance randomized study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Nov;37(11):1443-51. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.120.
  • Hegedüs L, Sherman SI, Tuttle RM, von Scholten BJ, Rasmussen S, Karsbøl JD, Daniels GH; LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators. No Evidence of Increase in Calcitonin Concentrations or Development of C-Cell Malignancy in Response to Liraglutide for Up to 5 Years in the LEADER Trial. Diabetes Care. 2018 Mar;41(3):620-622. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1956.
  • Khera R, Murad MH, Chandar AK, Dulai PS, Wang Z, Prokop LJ, Loomba R, Camilleri M, Singh S. Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016 Jun 14;315(22):2424-34. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.7602.
  • Cortés-Moreno GY, Roa-Coria JE, Zúñiga-Romero Á, Huerta-Cruz JC, Lara-Padilla E, Del Valle-Laisequilla CF, Rocha-González HI, Reyes-García JG. Anorectic efficacy and safety of the diethylpropion-topiramate combination in rats. Drug Dev Res. 2018 Aug;79(5):225-233. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21434.
  • Fani L, Bak S, Delhanty P, van Rossum EF, van den Akker EL. The melanocortin-4 receptor as target for obesity treatment: a systematic review of emerging pharmacological therapeutic options. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Feb;38(2):163-9. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.80.
  • Kievit P, Halem H, Marks DL, Dong JZ, Glavas MM, Sinnayah P, Pranger L, Cowley MA, Grove KL, Culler MD. Chronic treatment with a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist causes weight loss, reduces insulin resistance, and improves cardiovascular function in diet-induced obese rhesus macaques. Diabetes. 2013 Feb;62(2):490-7. doi: 10.2337/db12-0598.
  • Chen KY, Muniyappa R, Abel BS, Mullins KP, Staker P, Brychta RJ, Zhao X, Ring M, Psota TL, Cone RD, Panaro BL, Gottesdiener KM, Van der Ploeg LH, Reitman ML, Skarulis MC. RM-493, a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist, increases resting energy expenditure in obese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Apr;100(4):1639-45. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-4024.
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Current pharmacological approaches in obesity treatment

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 32 - 48, 29.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.56016/dahudermj.1271677

Öz

Obesity is a complex disorder and affected by so many factors in which the balance between food consumption and calorie usage is disrupted. Drugs that act on appetite, food intake, calorie absorption or calorie consumption, or a combination of these, are basically central or peripheral agents. Diethylpropion and phentermine are preferred for short-term obesity treatment. Orlistat, lorcaserin, topiramate/phentermine, naltrexone/bupropion, and liraglutide are preferred for long-term obesity treatment. The main drugs whose experimental and clinical phase studies are still ongoing are setmelanotide, zonisamide/bupropion, neuropeptide Y antagonists, semaglutide and oral glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, cannabinoid type-1 receptor inhibitors, amylin mimetics, amylin/calcitonin receptor activators, glucose-linked insulin-like acting peptide analogues, dual-acting glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonists, peptide YY, leptin analogues, beloranib, cetilistat, tenofensin, fibroblast growth factor-21 and obesity vaccines. While managing the treatment of an obese patient, considering the large costs of the disease and the high incidence of disorder, pharmacotherapeutic agents are not enough to meet the clinic spectrum like adverse effects and contraindications, but new drugs and studies in this field offer hope to the medical world in terms of efficacy and safety profile. However, it would not be rational to expect miracles from drugs without a change in lifestyle in the magement of this disorder.

Proje Numarası

Yoktur

Kaynakça

  • Pilitsi E, Farr OM, Polyzos SA, Perakakis N, Nolen-Doerr E, Papathanasiou AE, Mantzoros CS. Pharmacotherapy of obesity: Available medications and drugs under investigation. Metabolism. 2019 Mar;92:170-192. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.010.
  • Kang JG, Park CY, Kang JH, Park YW, Park SW. Randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of a newly developed formulation of phentermine diffuse-controlled release for obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010 Oct;12(10):876-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2010.01242.x.
  • Narayanaswami V, Dwoskin LP. Obesity: Current and potential pharmacotherapeutics and targets. Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Feb;170:116-147. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.015.
  • Obezite Tanı ve Tedavi Kılavuzu. 8. ed. Ankara: Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği; 2019.
  • Rodríguez JE, Campbell KM. Past, Present, and Future of Pharmacologic Therapy in Obesity. Prim Care. 2016 Mar;43(1):61-7, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2015.08.011.
  • Torgerson JS, Hauptman J, Boldrin MN, Sjöström L. XENical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27(1):155-61. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.1.155. IR N
  • Smith SR, Weissman NJ, Anderson CM, Sanchez M, Chuang E, Stubbe S, Bays H, Shanahan WR; Behavioral Modification and Lorcaserin for Overweight and Obesity Management (BLOOM) Study Group. Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 15;363(3):245-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909809.
  • Shram MJ, Schoedel KA, Bartlett C, Shazer RL, Anderson CM, Sellers EM. Evaluation of the abuse potential of lorcaserin, a serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) receptor agonist, in recreational polydrug users. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011 May;89(5):683-92. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.20.
  • Patel DK, Stanford FC. Safety and tolerability of new-generation anti-obesity medications: a narrative review. Postgrad Med. 2018 Mar;130(2):173-182. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2018.1435129.
  • Bray GA, Hollander P, Klein S, Kushner R, Levy B, Fitchet M, Perry BH. A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of topiramate for weight loss in obesity. Obes Res. 2003 Jun;11(6):722-33. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.102.
  • Srivastava G, Apovian C. Future Pharmacotherapy for Obesity: New Anti-obesity Drugs on the Horizon. Curr Obes Rep. 2018 Jun;7(2):147-161. doi: 10.1007/s13679-018-0300-4.
  • Allison DB, Gadde KM, Garvey WT, Peterson CA, Schwiers ML, Najarian T, Tam PY, Troupin B, Day WW. Controlled-release phentermine/topiramate in severely obese adults: a randomized controlled trial (EQUIP). Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Feb;20(2):330-42. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.330.
  • Jeon WS, Park CY. Antiobesity pharmacotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes: focus on long-term management. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2014 Dec 29;29(4):410-7. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.410.
  • van Can J, Sloth B, Jensen CB, Flint A, Blaak EE, Saris WH. Effects of the once-daily GLP-1 analog liraglutide on gastric emptying, glycemic parameters, appetite and energy metabolism in obese, non-diabetic adults. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Jun;38(6):784-93. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.162.
  • Farr OM, Tsoukas MA, Triantafyllou G, Dincer F, Filippaios A, Ko BJ, Mantzoros CS. Short-term administration of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide decreases circulating leptin and increases GIP levels and these changes are associated with alterations in CNS responses to food cues: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Metabolism. 2016 Jul;65(7):945-53. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.03.009.
  • Tak YJ, Lee SY. Anti-Obesity Drugs: Long-Term Efficacy and Safety: An Updated Review. World J Mens Health. 2021 Apr;39(2):208-221. doi: 10.5534/wjmh.200010.
  • Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Halpern A, Krempf M, Lau DC, le Roux CW, Violante Ortiz R, Jensen CB, Wilding JP; SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes NN8022-1839 Study Group. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 2;373(1):11-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1411892.
  • Davies MJ, Bergenstal R, Bode B, Kushner RF, Lewin A, Skjøth TV, Andreasen AH, Jensen CB, DeFronzo RA; NN8022-1922 Study Group. Efficacy of Liraglutide for Weight Loss Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SCALE Diabetes Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Aug 18;314(7):687-99. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.9676.
  • Wadden TA, Hollander P, Klein S, Niswender K, Woo V, Hale PM, Aronne L; NN8022-1923 Investigators. Weight maintenance and additional weight loss with liraglutide after low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss: the SCALE Maintenance randomized study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Nov;37(11):1443-51. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.120.
  • Hegedüs L, Sherman SI, Tuttle RM, von Scholten BJ, Rasmussen S, Karsbøl JD, Daniels GH; LEADER Publication Committee on behalf of the LEADER Trial Investigators. No Evidence of Increase in Calcitonin Concentrations or Development of C-Cell Malignancy in Response to Liraglutide for Up to 5 Years in the LEADER Trial. Diabetes Care. 2018 Mar;41(3):620-622. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1956.
  • Khera R, Murad MH, Chandar AK, Dulai PS, Wang Z, Prokop LJ, Loomba R, Camilleri M, Singh S. Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016 Jun 14;315(22):2424-34. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.7602.
  • Cortés-Moreno GY, Roa-Coria JE, Zúñiga-Romero Á, Huerta-Cruz JC, Lara-Padilla E, Del Valle-Laisequilla CF, Rocha-González HI, Reyes-García JG. Anorectic efficacy and safety of the diethylpropion-topiramate combination in rats. Drug Dev Res. 2018 Aug;79(5):225-233. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21434.
  • Fani L, Bak S, Delhanty P, van Rossum EF, van den Akker EL. The melanocortin-4 receptor as target for obesity treatment: a systematic review of emerging pharmacological therapeutic options. Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Feb;38(2):163-9. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2013.80.
  • Kievit P, Halem H, Marks DL, Dong JZ, Glavas MM, Sinnayah P, Pranger L, Cowley MA, Grove KL, Culler MD. Chronic treatment with a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist causes weight loss, reduces insulin resistance, and improves cardiovascular function in diet-induced obese rhesus macaques. Diabetes. 2013 Feb;62(2):490-7. doi: 10.2337/db12-0598.
  • Chen KY, Muniyappa R, Abel BS, Mullins KP, Staker P, Brychta RJ, Zhao X, Ring M, Psota TL, Cone RD, Panaro BL, Gottesdiener KM, Van der Ploeg LH, Reitman ML, Skarulis MC. RM-493, a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist, increases resting energy expenditure in obese individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Apr;100(4):1639-45. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-4024.
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  • Bergamaschi MM, Queiroz RH, Chagas MH, Linares IM, Arrais KC, de Oliveira DC, Queiroz ME, Nardi AE, Huestis MA, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Moreira FA, Crippa JA. Rimonabant effects on anxiety induced by simulated public speaking in healthy humans: a preliminary report. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2014 Jan;29(1):94-9. doi: 10.1002/hup.2374.
  • Christensen R, Kristensen PK, Bartels EM, Bliddal H, Astrup A. Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2007 Nov 17;370(9600):1706-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61721-8.
  • Kanoski SE, Hayes MR, Skibicka KP. GLP-1 and weight loss: unraveling the diverse neural circuitry. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2016 May 15;310(10):R885-95. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00520.2015.
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  • Monami M, Nreu B, Scatena A, Cresci B, Andreozzi F, Sesti G, Mannucci E. Safety issues with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and cholelithiasis): Data from randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017 Sep;19(9):1233-1241. doi: 10.1111/dom.12926.
  • Fosgerau K, Hoffmann T. Peptide therapeutics: current status and future directions. Drug Discov Today. 2015 Jan;20(1):122-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.10.003.
  • Bailey RJ, Walker CS, Ferner AH, Loomes KM, Prijic G, Halim A, Whiting L, Phillips AR, Hay DL. Pharmacological characterization of rat amylin receptors: implications for the identification of amylin receptor subtypes. Br J Pharmacol. 2012 May;166(1):151-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01717.x.
  • Mack CM, Smith PA, Athanacio JR, Xu K, Wilson JK, Reynolds JM, Jodka CM, Lu MG, Parkes DG. Glucoregulatory effects and prolonged duration of action of davalintide: a novel amylinomimetic peptide. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011 Dec;13(12):1105-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01465.x.
  • Mack CM, Soares CJ, Wilson JK, Athanacio JR, Turek VF, Trevaskis JL, Roth JD, Smith PA, Gedulin B, Jodka CM, Roland BL, Adams SH, Lwin A, Herich J, Laugero KD, Vu C, Pittner R, Paterniti JR Jr, Hanley M, Ghosh S, Parkes DG. Davalintide (AC2307), a novel amylin-mimetic peptide: enhanced pharmacological properties over native amylin to reduce food intake and body weight. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Feb;34(2):385-95. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.238.
  • Gydesen S, Andreassen KV, Hjuler ST, Christensen JM, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. KBP-088, a novel DACRA with prolonged receptor activation, is superior to davalintide in terms of efficacy on body weight. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2016 May 15;310(10):E821-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00514.2015.
  • Seino Y, Fukushima M, Yabe D. GIP and GLP-1, the two incretin hormones: Similarities and differences. J Diabetes Investig. 2010 Apr 22;1(1-2):8-23. doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00022.x.
  • Nørregaard PK, Deryabina MA, Tofteng Shelton P, Fog JU, Daugaard JR, Eriksson PO, Larsen LF, Jessen L. A novel GIP analogue, ZP4165, enhances glucagon-like peptide-1-induced body weight loss and improves glycaemic control in rodents. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 Jan;20(1):60-68. doi: 10.1111/dom.13034.
  • Parker JA, McCullough KA, Field BC, Minnion JS, Martin NM, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Glucagon and GLP-1 inhibit food intake and increase c-fos expression in similar appetite regulating centres in the brainstem and amygdala. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013 Oct;37(10):1391-8. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2012.227.
  • Wynne K, Park AJ, Small CJ, Patterson M, Ellis SM, Murphy KG, Wren AM, Frost GS, Meeran K, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Subcutaneous oxyntomodulin reduces body weight in overweight and obese subjects: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes. 2005 Aug;54(8):2390-5. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2390.
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  • Steinert RE, Feinle-Bisset C, Asarian L, Horowitz M, Beglinger C, Geary N. Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY(3-36): Secretory Controls and Physiological Roles in Eating and Glycemia in Health, Obesity, and After RYGB. Physiol Rev. 2017 Jan;97(1):411-463. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2014.
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  • Batterham RL, Cohen MA, Ellis SM, Le Roux CW, Withers DJ, Frost GS, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36. N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 4;349(10):941-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa030204.
  • van der Klaauw AA, Keogh JM, Henning E, Trowse VM, Dhillo WS, Ghatei MA, Farooqi IS. High protein intake stimulates postprandial GLP1 and PYY release. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Aug;21(8):1602-7. doi: 10.1002/oby.20154.
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  • Elfers CT, Roth CL. Robust Reductions of Excess Weight and Hyperphagia by Beloranib in Rat Models of Genetic and Hypothalamic Obesity. Endocrinology. 2017 Jan 1;158(1):41-55. doi: 10.1210/en.2016-1665.
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  • Kopelman P, Groot Gde H, Rissanen A, Rossner S, Toubro S, Palmer R, Hallam R, Bryson A, Hickling RI. Weight loss, HbA1c reduction, and tolerability of cetilistat in a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in obese diabetics: comparison with orlistat (Xenical). Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jan;18(1):108-15. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.155.
  • Hansen HH, Jensen MM, Overgaard A, Weikop P, Mikkelsen JD. Tesofensine induces appetite suppression and weight loss with reversal of low forebrain dopamine levels in the diet-induced obese rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013 Sep;110:265-71. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.07.018.
  • Giralt M, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Villarroya F. Fibroblast growth factor-21, energy balance and obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015 Dec 15;418 Pt 1:66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.018.
  • Gómez-Sámano MÁ, Grajales-Gómez M, Zuarth-Vázquez JM, Navarro-Flores MF, Martínez-Saavedra M, Juárez-León ÓA, Morales-García MG, Enríquez-Estrada VM, Gómez-Pérez FJ, Cuevas-Ramos D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 and its novel association with oxidative stress. Redox Biol. 2017 Apr;11:335-341. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.024.
  • Takagi K, Legrand R, Asakawa A, Amitani H, François M, Tennoune N, Coëffier M, Claeyssens S, do Rego JC, Déchelotte P, Inui A, Fetissov SO. Anti-ghrelin immunoglobulins modulate ghrelin stability and its orexigenic effect in obese mice and humans. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2685. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3685.
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Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İç Hastalıkları
Bölüm Reviews
Yazarlar

Pelin Tiryakioğlu 0000-0002-2082-8038

Hüseyin Yılmaz Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-0497-0031

İsmail Demir 0000-0001-7787-1443

İsmail Yılmaz 0000-0002-4474-9617

Proje Numarası Yoktur
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Nisan 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Tiryakioğlu P, Yılmaz H, Demir İ, Yılmaz İ (01 Nisan 2023) Current pharmacological approaches in obesity treatment. DAHUDER Medical Journal 3 2 32–48.



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