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Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 97 - 106, 20.12.2021

Selma Ercan Doğu Akfer Karaoğlan Sibel Örsel

https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.789960

Öz

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Work Readiness Program (WRP) on anxiety levels and coping ways of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Material and Methods: WRP consists of 7 sessions, in which two 1 hr meetings were held weekly for 5 weeks. A total of 7 participants enrolled into WRP were assessed before, immediately after and 6 months after the program. Sociodemographic Form, State/Trait Anxiety Inventory and Coping Styles Inventory were administered.
Results: The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in terms of the trait anxiety scores (p=0.034) and the total score of coping ways (p=0.002) in pre-intervention, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up; however, no significant difference was found in terms of state anxiety scores (p>0.05). Paired comparisons showed that the trait anxiety scores were higher at 6-month follow-up compared to the scores at baseline (p<0.05). It was found that CSI-total score decreased gradually at post-intervention and at 6-month follow-up compared to the scores at baseline (p < 0.05). Discussion: WRP reduced the trait anxiety levels and improved coping skills of the participants who completed the program. Our study results showed the necessity and importance of work readiness programs in people diagnosed with schizophrenia. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Schizophrenia Work Vocational rehabilitation Anxiety Coping skills

Kaynakça

  • Allen, B. A., Hodgson, W. R., Marlow, V. L., & Lindsey, J. K. (1994). A practical model for a vocational readiness program in a day treatment setting. Hosp Community Psychiatry, 45(4), 374-376. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.45.4.374
  • Anthony, W. A., Rogers, E. S., Cohen, M., & Davies, R. R. (1995). Relationships between psychiatric symptomatology, work skills and future vocational performance. Psychiatr Serv, 46(4), 353-358. doi:10.1176/ps.46.4.353
  • Aran, O. T., Abaoğlu, H., Ekici Çağlar, G., Akel, B. S., Akı, E., Karahan, S., & Kayıhan, H. (2020). Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of a Turkish version of the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ-Turkish). J Occup Rehabil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-020-09917-8
  • Bejerholm, U., & Eklund, M. (2006). Engagement in occupations among men and women with schizophrenia. Occup Ther Int, 13(2), 100-121. doi:10.1002/oti.210.
  • Bio, D. S., & Gattaz, W. F. (2011). Vocational rehabilitation improves cognition and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 126(1-3), 265-269. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.003
  • Burns, T., Catty, J., Becker, T., Drake, R. E., Fioretti, A., Knapp, M., et al. (2007). The effectiveness of supported employment for people with severe mental illness: A randomized controlled trial. Lancet, 370(9593), 1146-1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61516-5
  • Can Öz, Y., & Ünsal Barlas, G. (2017). Şizofrenili bireylerde istihdamın önemi. JAREN, 3, 46-50.
  • Carmona, V. R., Gomez-Benito, J., Huedo-Medina, T. B., & Rojo, J. E. (2017). Employment outcomes for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Occup Med Environ Health, 30(3), 345-366. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01074
  • Chan, A. S. M., Tsang, H. W. H., & Li, S. M. Y. (2009). Case report of integrated supported employment for a person with severe mental illness. Am J Occup Ther, 63(3), 238-244. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.63.3.238
  • Chapleau, A. (2012). Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. In B. Atchison, & D. Dirette (Eds.), Conditions in OT-Effect on Occupational Performance, (Fourth Edition, pp. 69-78). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Cook, J. A., & Razzano, L. (2000). Vocational rehabilitation for persons with schizophrenia: Recent research and implications for practice. Schizophr Bull, 26(1), 87-103. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033448
  • Cook, C., & Lukersmith, S. (2010). Work rehabilitation. In M. Curtin, M. Molineux & J. Supyk-Mellson (Eds.), Occupational Therapy and Physical Dysfunction Enabling Occupation, (6th Edition, pp. 391-408). London, UK: Elsevier Limited.
  • Cooke, M., Peters, E., Fannon D., Anilkumar A. P. P., Aasen I., Kuipers E., et al. (2007). Insight, distress and coping styles in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 94 (1-3), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.04.030
  • Coombes, K., Haracz, K., Robson, E., & James, C. (2016). Pushing through: Mental health consumers' experiences of an individual placement and support employment programme. Brit J Occup Ther, 79(11), 651-659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022616658297
  • Crowther, R. E., Marshall, M., Bond, G. R., & Huxley, P. (2001). Helping people with severe mental illness to obtain work: Systematic review. BMJ, 322(7280), 204-208. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7280.204
  • Dunn, E. C., Wewiorski, N. J., & Rogers, E. S. (2008). The meaning and importance of employment to people in recovery from serious mental illness: Results of a qualitative study. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 32(1), 59-62. https://doi.org/10.2975/32.1.2008.59.62
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. J Pers Soc Psychol, 48(1), 150-170. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.48.1.150
  • Hielscher, E. & Waghorn, G. (2017). Self-stigma and fears of employment among adults with psychiatric disabilities. Br J Occup Ther, 80(12),1-8. doi: 10.1177/0308022617712199
  • Holubova, M., Prasko, J., Hruby, R., Kamaradova, D., Ociskova, M., Latalova, K., et al. (2015). Coping strategies and quality of life in schizophrenia: Cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 11, 3041–3048. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S96559
  • Iannelli, S., & Wilding, C. (2007). Health-enhancing effects of engaging in productive occupations: Experiences of young people with mental illness. Aust Occup Ther J, 54(4), 285-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2006.00650.x
  • Işık, I., Savaş, G. & Kılıç, N. (2019). Şizofreni hastalığına sahip bireylerin çalışma hayatı konusunda yaşadıkları güçlükler. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg, 10(3), 399-408. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2019.176
  • Kayıhan, H., & Köse, B. (2018). Türkiye'de ve dünyada mesleki rehabilitasyon. Turkiye Klinikleri Psychology-Special Topics, 3(1), 30-41.
  • Lee, H. L., Tan, H. K. L., Ma, H. I., Tsai, C. H., & Liu, Y. K. (2006). Effectiveness of a work-related stress management program in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Am J Occup Ther, 60(4), 435-441. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.60.4.435
  • Leufstadius, C., Erlandsson, L., & Eklund, M. (2006). Time use and daily activities in people with persistent mental illness. Occup Ther Int, 13(3), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.207
  • Lysaker, P., Bell, M., Milstein, R., Bryson, G., Shestopal, A., & Goulet, J. B. (1993). Work capacity in schizophrenia. Hosp Community Psychiatry, 44(3), 278-280. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.44.3.278
  • McGurk, S. R. (2000). Neurocognition as a determinant of employment status in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Pract, 6(4), 190–196.
  • Mueser, K. T., Becker, D. R., & Wolfe, R. (2001). Supported employment, job preferences, job tenure and satisfaction. J Ment Health, 10(4), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230123337
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1985). State trait anxiety inventory manual. İstanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications.
  • Potkin, S. G., Bugarski-Kirola, D., Edgar, C. J., Soliman, S., Le Scouiller, S., Kunovac, J., et al. (2016). Psychometric evaluation of the Work Readiness Questionnaire in schizophrenia. CNS Spectr, 21(2), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852914000352
  • Provencher, H. L., Gregg, R., Mead, S., & Mueser, K. T. (2002). The role of work in the recovery of persons with psychiatric disability. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 26(2), 132-144. https://doi.org/10.2975/26.2002.132.144
  • Rinaldi, M., & Perkins, R. (2007). Vocational rehabilitation for people with mental health problems. Psychiatry, 6(9), 373–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.06.002
  • Ross, J. (2007). Occupational therapy and vocational rehabilitation (pp 7-10). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Rüesch, P., Graf, J., Meyer, P. C., Rössler, W., & Hell, D. (2004). Occupation, social support and quality of life in persons with schizophrenic or affective disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39(9), 686–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0812-y
  • Soygür, H., Yüksel, M. M., Eraslan, P., & Attepe Özden, S. (2017). Mavi At Kafe’nin 6 yılda öğrettikleri: Şizofreni hastalarının gözünden i̇yileşmeye katkıda bulunan etmenler-Nitel bir analiz. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 28(2), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.5080/u18141
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (self evaluation questionnaire). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Swart, L. & Buys, T. (2014). Vocational rehabilitation in psychiatry and mental health. In R. Crouch & V. Alers (Eds), Occupational therapy in psychiatry and mental health, (3th ed., pp. 175-193). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1995). Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği: Üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(34), 56-73.
  • Waghorn, G., & Lloyd, C. (2010a). Employment and people with mental illness. In C. Lloyd (ed.), Vocational Rehabilitation and Mental Health, (pp 1-18). West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Waghorn, G., Lloyd, C., & Tsang, H. W. (2010b). Vocational rehabilitation for people with psychiatric and psychological disorders. In M. Blouin & J. Stone (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation, (pp. 1-9). New York, NY: Cirrie.
  • Wysokinski, A., & Kloszewska, I. (2011). Experienced stress, self-efficacy, self-esteem and strategies of coping with stress and their association with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 26(S2), 1532-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(11)73236-9
  • Yam, K. K. N., Lo, W. T. L., Chiu, R. L. P., Lau, B. S. Y., Lau, C. K. S., Wu, J. K. Y., et al. (2018). A pilot training program for people in recovery of mental illness as vocational peer support workers in Hong Kong – Job Buddies Training Program (JBTP): A preliminary finding. Asian J Psychiatr, 35, 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.002
  • Yau, E. F. Y., Chan, C. C. H., Chan, A. S. F., & Brian Chui, B. K. T. (2005). Changes in psychosocial and work-related characteristics among Clubhouse members: A preliminary report. Work, 25(4), 287–296.

Şizofreni Tanısı Olan Bireylerde İşe Hazırlık Programının Etkinliği: Bir Pilot Çalışma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 97 - 106, 20.12.2021

Selma Ercan Doğu Akfer Karaoğlan Sibel Örsel

https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.789960

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, İşe Hazırlık Programının (İHP) şizofreni tanısı olan bireylerde anksiyete düzeyleri ve başa çıkma stratejileri üzerindeki etkililiğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: İHP, her hafta 5 hafta boyunca 1 saatlik iki toplantının yapıldığı 7 oturumdan oluşmaktadır. İHP’ye kayıtlı toplam 7 katılımcı programdan önce, hemen sonra ve 6 ay sonra değerlendirildi. Sosyodemografik Form, Durumluk / Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri ve Başa Çıkma Tarzları Envanteri uygulandı. Sonuçlar: Sonuçlar müdahale öncesi, müdahale sonrası ve takipte sürekli kaygı puanları (p = 0,034) ile stresle başa çıkma toplam puanı (p = 0,002) açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğunu ortaya koymuştur; ancak durumluk kaygı puanları açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p> 0.05). İkili karşılaştırmalar, sürekli anksiyete puanlarının başlangıçtaki puanlara göre 6 aylık takipte daha yüksek olduğunu gösterdi (p <0.05). CSI-toplam puanının başlangıçtaki puanlara göre müdahale sonrası ve 6 aylık takipte kademeli olarak azaldığı görüldü (p <0.05).Tartışma: İHP, programı tamamlayan katılımcıların sürekli kaygı düzeylerini azalttı ve stresle başa çıkma becerilerini geliştirdi. Çalışma sonuçlarımız şizofreni tanısı olan bireylerde işe hazırlık programlarının gerekliliğini ve önemini göstermiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Şizofreni İş Mesleki rehabilitasyon Anksiyete Başa çıkma yöntemleri

Kaynakça

  • Allen, B. A., Hodgson, W. R., Marlow, V. L., & Lindsey, J. K. (1994). A practical model for a vocational readiness program in a day treatment setting. Hosp Community Psychiatry, 45(4), 374-376. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.45.4.374
  • Anthony, W. A., Rogers, E. S., Cohen, M., & Davies, R. R. (1995). Relationships between psychiatric symptomatology, work skills and future vocational performance. Psychiatr Serv, 46(4), 353-358. doi:10.1176/ps.46.4.353
  • Aran, O. T., Abaoğlu, H., Ekici Çağlar, G., Akel, B. S., Akı, E., Karahan, S., & Kayıhan, H. (2020). Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of a Turkish version of the Work Rehabilitation Questionnaire (WORQ-Turkish). J Occup Rehabil. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-020-09917-8
  • Bejerholm, U., & Eklund, M. (2006). Engagement in occupations among men and women with schizophrenia. Occup Ther Int, 13(2), 100-121. doi:10.1002/oti.210.
  • Bio, D. S., & Gattaz, W. F. (2011). Vocational rehabilitation improves cognition and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 126(1-3), 265-269. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.08.003
  • Burns, T., Catty, J., Becker, T., Drake, R. E., Fioretti, A., Knapp, M., et al. (2007). The effectiveness of supported employment for people with severe mental illness: A randomized controlled trial. Lancet, 370(9593), 1146-1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61516-5
  • Can Öz, Y., & Ünsal Barlas, G. (2017). Şizofrenili bireylerde istihdamın önemi. JAREN, 3, 46-50.
  • Carmona, V. R., Gomez-Benito, J., Huedo-Medina, T. B., & Rojo, J. E. (2017). Employment outcomes for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Occup Med Environ Health, 30(3), 345-366. doi: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01074
  • Chan, A. S. M., Tsang, H. W. H., & Li, S. M. Y. (2009). Case report of integrated supported employment for a person with severe mental illness. Am J Occup Ther, 63(3), 238-244. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.63.3.238
  • Chapleau, A. (2012). Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. In B. Atchison, & D. Dirette (Eds.), Conditions in OT-Effect on Occupational Performance, (Fourth Edition, pp. 69-78). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Cook, J. A., & Razzano, L. (2000). Vocational rehabilitation for persons with schizophrenia: Recent research and implications for practice. Schizophr Bull, 26(1), 87-103. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033448
  • Cook, C., & Lukersmith, S. (2010). Work rehabilitation. In M. Curtin, M. Molineux & J. Supyk-Mellson (Eds.), Occupational Therapy and Physical Dysfunction Enabling Occupation, (6th Edition, pp. 391-408). London, UK: Elsevier Limited.
  • Cooke, M., Peters, E., Fannon D., Anilkumar A. P. P., Aasen I., Kuipers E., et al. (2007). Insight, distress and coping styles in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res, 94 (1-3), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.04.030
  • Coombes, K., Haracz, K., Robson, E., & James, C. (2016). Pushing through: Mental health consumers' experiences of an individual placement and support employment programme. Brit J Occup Ther, 79(11), 651-659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022616658297
  • Crowther, R. E., Marshall, M., Bond, G. R., & Huxley, P. (2001). Helping people with severe mental illness to obtain work: Systematic review. BMJ, 322(7280), 204-208. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7280.204
  • Dunn, E. C., Wewiorski, N. J., & Rogers, E. S. (2008). The meaning and importance of employment to people in recovery from serious mental illness: Results of a qualitative study. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 32(1), 59-62. https://doi.org/10.2975/32.1.2008.59.62
  • Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. J Pers Soc Psychol, 48(1), 150-170. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.48.1.150
  • Hielscher, E. & Waghorn, G. (2017). Self-stigma and fears of employment among adults with psychiatric disabilities. Br J Occup Ther, 80(12),1-8. doi: 10.1177/0308022617712199
  • Holubova, M., Prasko, J., Hruby, R., Kamaradova, D., Ociskova, M., Latalova, K., et al. (2015). Coping strategies and quality of life in schizophrenia: Cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 11, 3041–3048. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S96559
  • Iannelli, S., & Wilding, C. (2007). Health-enhancing effects of engaging in productive occupations: Experiences of young people with mental illness. Aust Occup Ther J, 54(4), 285-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2006.00650.x
  • Işık, I., Savaş, G. & Kılıç, N. (2019). Şizofreni hastalığına sahip bireylerin çalışma hayatı konusunda yaşadıkları güçlükler. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg, 10(3), 399-408. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2019.176
  • Kayıhan, H., & Köse, B. (2018). Türkiye'de ve dünyada mesleki rehabilitasyon. Turkiye Klinikleri Psychology-Special Topics, 3(1), 30-41.
  • Lee, H. L., Tan, H. K. L., Ma, H. I., Tsai, C. H., & Liu, Y. K. (2006). Effectiveness of a work-related stress management program in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Am J Occup Ther, 60(4), 435-441. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.60.4.435
  • Leufstadius, C., Erlandsson, L., & Eklund, M. (2006). Time use and daily activities in people with persistent mental illness. Occup Ther Int, 13(3), 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.207
  • Lysaker, P., Bell, M., Milstein, R., Bryson, G., Shestopal, A., & Goulet, J. B. (1993). Work capacity in schizophrenia. Hosp Community Psychiatry, 44(3), 278-280. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.44.3.278
  • McGurk, S. R. (2000). Neurocognition as a determinant of employment status in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Pract, 6(4), 190–196.
  • Mueser, K. T., Becker, D. R., & Wolfe, R. (2001). Supported employment, job preferences, job tenure and satisfaction. J Ment Health, 10(4), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230123337
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1985). State trait anxiety inventory manual. İstanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications.
  • Potkin, S. G., Bugarski-Kirola, D., Edgar, C. J., Soliman, S., Le Scouiller, S., Kunovac, J., et al. (2016). Psychometric evaluation of the Work Readiness Questionnaire in schizophrenia. CNS Spectr, 21(2), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852914000352
  • Provencher, H. L., Gregg, R., Mead, S., & Mueser, K. T. (2002). The role of work in the recovery of persons with psychiatric disability. Psychiatr Rehabil J, 26(2), 132-144. https://doi.org/10.2975/26.2002.132.144
  • Rinaldi, M., & Perkins, R. (2007). Vocational rehabilitation for people with mental health problems. Psychiatry, 6(9), 373–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.06.002
  • Ross, J. (2007). Occupational therapy and vocational rehabilitation (pp 7-10). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Rüesch, P., Graf, J., Meyer, P. C., Rössler, W., & Hell, D. (2004). Occupation, social support and quality of life in persons with schizophrenic or affective disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 39(9), 686–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0812-y
  • Soygür, H., Yüksel, M. M., Eraslan, P., & Attepe Özden, S. (2017). Mavi At Kafe’nin 6 yılda öğrettikleri: Şizofreni hastalarının gözünden i̇yileşmeye katkıda bulunan etmenler-Nitel bir analiz. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 28(2), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.5080/u18141
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (self evaluation questionnaire). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Swart, L. & Buys, T. (2014). Vocational rehabilitation in psychiatry and mental health. In R. Crouch & V. Alers (Eds), Occupational therapy in psychiatry and mental health, (3th ed., pp. 175-193). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Şahin, N. H., & Durak, A. (1995). Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği: Üniversite öğrencileri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(34), 56-73.
  • Waghorn, G., & Lloyd, C. (2010a). Employment and people with mental illness. In C. Lloyd (ed.), Vocational Rehabilitation and Mental Health, (pp 1-18). West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Waghorn, G., Lloyd, C., & Tsang, H. W. (2010b). Vocational rehabilitation for people with psychiatric and psychological disorders. In M. Blouin & J. Stone (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation, (pp. 1-9). New York, NY: Cirrie.
  • Wysokinski, A., & Kloszewska, I. (2011). Experienced stress, self-efficacy, self-esteem and strategies of coping with stress and their association with clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 26(S2), 1532-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(11)73236-9
  • Yam, K. K. N., Lo, W. T. L., Chiu, R. L. P., Lau, B. S. Y., Lau, C. K. S., Wu, J. K. Y., et al. (2018). A pilot training program for people in recovery of mental illness as vocational peer support workers in Hong Kong – Job Buddies Training Program (JBTP): A preliminary finding. Asian J Psychiatr, 35, 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2016.10.002
  • Yau, E. F. Y., Chan, C. C. H., Chan, A. S. F., & Brian Chui, B. K. T. (2005). Changes in psychosocial and work-related characteristics among Clubhouse members: A preliminary report. Work, 25(4), 287–296.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Selma Ercan Doğu 0000-0003-3276-8041

Akfer Karaoğlan Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2247-9609

Sibel Örsel

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ercan Doğu, S., Karaoğlan, A., & Örsel, S. (2021). Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 9(3), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.789960
AMA Ercan Doğu S, Karaoğlan A, Örsel S. Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. Aralık 2021;9(3):97-106. doi:10.30720/ered.789960
Chicago Ercan Doğu, Selma, Akfer Karaoğlan, ve Sibel Örsel. “Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 9, sy. 3 (Aralık 2021): 97-106. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.789960.
EndNote Ercan Doğu S, Karaoğlan A, Örsel S (01 Aralık 2021) Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 9 3 97–106.
IEEE S. Ercan Doğu, A. Karaoğlan, ve S. Örsel, “Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study”, Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 3, ss. 97–106, 2021, doi: 10.30720/ered.789960.
ISNAD Ercan Doğu, Selma vd. “Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study”. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 9/3 (Aralık 2021), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.789960.
JAMA Ercan Doğu S, Karaoğlan A, Örsel S. Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2021;9:97–106.
MLA Ercan Doğu, Selma vd. “Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 3, 2021, ss. 97-106, doi:10.30720/ered.789960.
Vancouver Ercan Doğu S, Karaoğlan A, Örsel S. Effectiveness of a Work Readiness Program for People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2021;9(3):97-106.
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