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Tarihsel bir biyolojik ajan ve KBRN açısından önemi: Ruam (Glanders) «Burkholderia mallei»

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2, 178 - 184, 30.12.2021

Ahu Pakdemirli Dilek Dülger

https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.944432
Cited By: 1

Öz

Biyolojik ajanların silah olarak kullanılması çok uzun yıllardır sürmektedir. Bunlardan biri de Ruam (Burkholderia mallei) etkenidir. Bu tür silahlar kitlesel olarak ölümlere yol açabileceği için eski zamanlardan beri insanlığın gündemindedir. Özellikle atlı süvarilerin kullanıldığı zamanlarda çok daha etkin bir biyolojik silah olan ruam, Birinci ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda da biyolojik silah olarak kullanılmıştır. Çok etkili olamadığı için kullanımı zamanla azalsa da günümüzde hala önemini kaybetmemiştir. Hala daha Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Hastalık Koruma ve Kontrol merkez tarafından yapılan biyoterörizim etkenleri ve hastalıklar listesi, Biyolojik Silahlar Konvansiyonu’nun önemli tehlike arz eden etkenler listesi ve Avrupa Birliği Biyoterörizim Çalışma Grubu Listesinde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ruam hakkında genel tanımlama yapılırken, halk sağlığı, biyolojik silah olarak kullanımı konusunda güncel literatürler kullanılarak derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyolojik savaş Biyolojik silah Biyoterörizim Burukholderia mallei KBRN Ruam

Kaynakça

  • AFAD. (2021). Biyolojik Silahların Tarihçesi.
  • Al-ani FK, ve Roberson J. (2007). Glanders in horses : A review of the literature. Veterinarski Arhiv, 77(3), 203–218.
  • Allan D, ve Dance B. (2009). Melioidosis and Glanders as Possible Biological Weapons. In I. W. Fong ve K. Alibek (Eds.), Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century, 99–129.
  • Alp, E. ve Doğanay M. (2006). Biyoterörizm. Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, 6(3), 135–146.
  • Arizona Department of Health Services. (2004). Glanders: Bioterrorism Agent Profiles for Health Care Workers Office of Public Health, 23–26.
  • Arun S, Neubauer H, Gurel A, Awildiz G, Kussu B, Yesildere T, Meyer H, ve Hermanns W. (1999). Equine glanders in Turkey. Veterinary Record, 1999(144), 255–258. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.144.10.255
  • Baker SM, Davitt CJH, Motyka N, Kikendall NL, Russell-Lodrigue K, Roy CJ, ve Morici L A. (2017). A Burkholderia pseudomallei Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine Provides Cross Protection against Inhalational Glanders in Mice and Non-Human Primates. Vaccines, 5(49), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040049
  • Bossi P, Tegnell A, Baka A, Loock F Van, Hendriks J, Werner A, Maidhof H, ve Gouvras G. (2004). Bichat Guidelines For The Clinical Management Of Glanders And Melioidosis And Bioterrorism-Related Glanders And Melioidosis. Eurosurveillance, 9(12), 1–6.
  • CDC. (2021). Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases. https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp Erişim Tarihi: 24.05.2021
  • Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Arşivi.pdf. (1983). 13.12.1983 tarihli Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, 11.
  • Curling CA, Burr JK, Hebner MC, Laviolet LA, Lee PJ, ve Bishop KA. (2010). Glanders. In Parameters for Estimation of Casualties from Exposure to Specified Biological Agents: Brucellosis, Glanders, Q Fever, SEB and Tularemia, 51–66.
  • Doğanay M, Yılmaz E, Topluoğlu S, Şahin M, Diker KS, Akçay E, Aktaş D, Yılmaz K, Kılıç S, Köşker İ, Yumrutaş M, Kara F, ve Meşe EA. (2020). Ruam değerlendirme raporu. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 77(Ek-1), 1–24.
  • Jamooli S, Mosavari N, ve Asmar M. (2016). Evaluation of indirect immunofluorescence assay for the diagnosis of bacterial agent of glanders. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 10(3), 1–10.
  • Jones MH. (1992). Wickham steed and German biological warfare research. Intelligence and National Security, 7(4), 379–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432176
  • Júnior EL dos S, Moura J de CR, Protásio BKPF, Parente VAS, ve Veiga MHND. (2020). Case Report Clinical repercussions of Glanders (Burkholderia mallei infection) in a Brazilian child : a case report. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine, 53(e20200054), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0054-2020
  • Khakhum N, Tapia D, ve Torres AG. (2019). Burkholderia mallei and Glanders Nittaya. In S. K. Singh ve J. H. Kuhn (Eds.), Defense Against Biological Attacks VolumeII, 161–183.
  • Khan AW, Kotta S, Ansar, SH, Sharma RK, Kumar V, Rana S, ve Ali J. (2012). Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats-Decontamination technologies and recent patents: A review. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 4(012704), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3688029
  • Oliveira M, Mason-buck G, Ballard D, Branicki W ve Amorim A. (2020). Biowarfare , bioterrorism and biocrime : A historical overview on microbial harmful applications. Forensic Science International Journal, 314(2020), 110366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110366
  • Pakdemirli A. (2021). Biyosavunmada aşı üretim teknolojileri ve çift kullanım. In N. Duran ve M. O. Donbaloğlu (Eds.), Sağlık Bilimlerinde Yeni Yaklaşımlar Livre de Lyon, 1–10.
  • Sathua K ve Flora SJS. (2020). Bacterial biological warfare agents. In S. J. . Flora ve V. Pachauri (Eds.), Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness, Elsevier,13–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812026-2.00002-5
  • Saxena A ve Pal V. (2019). Development of a rapid and sensitive recombinase polymerase amplification ‐ lateral flow assay for detection of Burkholderia mallei. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 66, 1016–1022. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13126
  • Silva EB ve Dow SW. (2013). Devolpment of Burkholderia mallei and pseudomallei vaccines. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 3(March), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00010
  • Tegnell A, Loock F Van, Baka A, Wallyn S, Hendriks J, Werner A ve Gouvras G. (2006). Development of a matrix to evaluate the threat of biological agents used for bioterrorism. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 63(2006), 2223–2228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-006-6310-5
  • Titball, R. W., Burtnick, M. N., Bancroft, G. J., ve Brett, P. (2017). Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei vaccines : Are we close to clinical trials ? Vaccine, 35(44), 5981–5989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.022
  • Torba TA. (2020). Burkholderia mallei: ruam hastalığı. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5(2), 353–361.
  • Uçar N. (1960). Memleketimizde insanlarda tesbit edilen ruam vak’aları. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 65–68.
  • Whitlock GC, Estes DM ve Torres AG. (2007). Glanders: off to the races with Burkholderia mallei. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 277(2007), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00949.x
  • Zakharova I, Teteryatnikova N, Toporkov A ve Viktorov D. (2017). Acta Tropica Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the detection and di ff erentiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei , Burkholderia mallei , Burkholderia thailandensis , and Burkholderia cepacia complex. Acta Tropica, 174(February), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.016
  • Zandt KE Van, Greer MT ve Gelhaus HC. (2013). Glanders : an overview of infection in humans. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 8(131), 1–7.

A historical biological agent and its importance in terms of CBRN: Ruam (Glanders) «Burkholderia mallei»

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2, 178 - 184, 30.12.2021

Ahu Pakdemirli Dilek Dülger

https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.944432
Cited By: 1

Öz

The use of biological agents as weapons has been around for many years. One of them is the Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) factor. Such weapons have been on the agenda of humanity since ancient times, as they can lead to mass deaths. Glanders, which was a much more effective biological weapon especially when horse cavalry was used, was used as a biological weapon in the First and Second World War. Although its use decreases over time because it is not very effective, it still has not lost its importance today. It is still included in the list of bioterrorism factors and diseases made by the United States Center for Disease Protection and Control, the list of seriously dangerous factors of the Biological Weapons Convention and the European Union Bioterrorism Working Group List. In this study, while making a general description about glanders, public health was compiled using current literature on its use as a biological weapon.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biological warfare Biological weapons Bioterrorism Burkholderia mallei CBRN Glanders

Kaynakça

  • AFAD. (2021). Biyolojik Silahların Tarihçesi.
  • Al-ani FK, ve Roberson J. (2007). Glanders in horses : A review of the literature. Veterinarski Arhiv, 77(3), 203–218.
  • Allan D, ve Dance B. (2009). Melioidosis and Glanders as Possible Biological Weapons. In I. W. Fong ve K. Alibek (Eds.), Bioterrorism and Infectious Agents: A New Dilemma for the 21st Century, 99–129.
  • Alp, E. ve Doğanay M. (2006). Biyoterörizm. Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, 6(3), 135–146.
  • Arizona Department of Health Services. (2004). Glanders: Bioterrorism Agent Profiles for Health Care Workers Office of Public Health, 23–26.
  • Arun S, Neubauer H, Gurel A, Awildiz G, Kussu B, Yesildere T, Meyer H, ve Hermanns W. (1999). Equine glanders in Turkey. Veterinary Record, 1999(144), 255–258. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.144.10.255
  • Baker SM, Davitt CJH, Motyka N, Kikendall NL, Russell-Lodrigue K, Roy CJ, ve Morici L A. (2017). A Burkholderia pseudomallei Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine Provides Cross Protection against Inhalational Glanders in Mice and Non-Human Primates. Vaccines, 5(49), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines5040049
  • Bossi P, Tegnell A, Baka A, Loock F Van, Hendriks J, Werner A, Maidhof H, ve Gouvras G. (2004). Bichat Guidelines For The Clinical Management Of Glanders And Melioidosis And Bioterrorism-Related Glanders And Melioidosis. Eurosurveillance, 9(12), 1–6.
  • CDC. (2021). Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases. https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp Erişim Tarihi: 24.05.2021
  • Cumhuriyet Gazetesi Arşivi.pdf. (1983). 13.12.1983 tarihli Cumhuriyet Gazetesi, 11.
  • Curling CA, Burr JK, Hebner MC, Laviolet LA, Lee PJ, ve Bishop KA. (2010). Glanders. In Parameters for Estimation of Casualties from Exposure to Specified Biological Agents: Brucellosis, Glanders, Q Fever, SEB and Tularemia, 51–66.
  • Doğanay M, Yılmaz E, Topluoğlu S, Şahin M, Diker KS, Akçay E, Aktaş D, Yılmaz K, Kılıç S, Köşker İ, Yumrutaş M, Kara F, ve Meşe EA. (2020). Ruam değerlendirme raporu. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 77(Ek-1), 1–24.
  • Jamooli S, Mosavari N, ve Asmar M. (2016). Evaluation of indirect immunofluorescence assay for the diagnosis of bacterial agent of glanders. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 10(3), 1–10.
  • Jones MH. (1992). Wickham steed and German biological warfare research. Intelligence and National Security, 7(4), 379–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/02684529208432176
  • Júnior EL dos S, Moura J de CR, Protásio BKPF, Parente VAS, ve Veiga MHND. (2020). Case Report Clinical repercussions of Glanders (Burkholderia mallei infection) in a Brazilian child : a case report. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine, 53(e20200054), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0054-2020
  • Khakhum N, Tapia D, ve Torres AG. (2019). Burkholderia mallei and Glanders Nittaya. In S. K. Singh ve J. H. Kuhn (Eds.), Defense Against Biological Attacks VolumeII, 161–183.
  • Khan AW, Kotta S, Ansar, SH, Sharma RK, Kumar V, Rana S, ve Ali J. (2012). Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats-Decontamination technologies and recent patents: A review. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 4(012704), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3688029
  • Oliveira M, Mason-buck G, Ballard D, Branicki W ve Amorim A. (2020). Biowarfare , bioterrorism and biocrime : A historical overview on microbial harmful applications. Forensic Science International Journal, 314(2020), 110366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110366
  • Pakdemirli A. (2021). Biyosavunmada aşı üretim teknolojileri ve çift kullanım. In N. Duran ve M. O. Donbaloğlu (Eds.), Sağlık Bilimlerinde Yeni Yaklaşımlar Livre de Lyon, 1–10.
  • Sathua K ve Flora SJS. (2020). Bacterial biological warfare agents. In S. J. . Flora ve V. Pachauri (Eds.), Handbook on Biological Warfare Preparedness, Elsevier,13–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812026-2.00002-5
  • Saxena A ve Pal V. (2019). Development of a rapid and sensitive recombinase polymerase amplification ‐ lateral flow assay for detection of Burkholderia mallei. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 66, 1016–1022. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13126
  • Silva EB ve Dow SW. (2013). Devolpment of Burkholderia mallei and pseudomallei vaccines. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 3(March), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2013.00010
  • Tegnell A, Loock F Van, Baka A, Wallyn S, Hendriks J, Werner A ve Gouvras G. (2006). Development of a matrix to evaluate the threat of biological agents used for bioterrorism. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 63(2006), 2223–2228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-006-6310-5
  • Titball, R. W., Burtnick, M. N., Bancroft, G. J., ve Brett, P. (2017). Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei vaccines : Are we close to clinical trials ? Vaccine, 35(44), 5981–5989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.022
  • Torba TA. (2020). Burkholderia mallei: ruam hastalığı. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 5(2), 353–361.
  • Uçar N. (1960). Memleketimizde insanlarda tesbit edilen ruam vak’aları. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 1(1), 65–68.
  • Whitlock GC, Estes DM ve Torres AG. (2007). Glanders: off to the races with Burkholderia mallei. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 277(2007), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00949.x
  • Zakharova I, Teteryatnikova N, Toporkov A ve Viktorov D. (2017). Acta Tropica Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the detection and di ff erentiation of Burkholderia pseudomallei , Burkholderia mallei , Burkholderia thailandensis , and Burkholderia cepacia complex. Acta Tropica, 174(February), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.016
  • Zandt KE Van, Greer MT ve Gelhaus HC. (2013). Glanders : an overview of infection in humans. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 8(131), 1–7.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ahu Pakdemirli 0000-0001-9224-3007

Dilek Dülger 0000-0003-3640-5686

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Pakdemirli, A., & Dülger, D. (2021). Tarihsel bir biyolojik ajan ve KBRN açısından önemi: Ruam (Glanders) «Burkholderia mallei». Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 32(2), 178-184. https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.944432

Cited By

Use of PCR for detection of Burkholderia mallei in Türkiye
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.33988/auvfd.1049887
 Kapak Resmi İndir


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