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Identification of the Factors Affecting the Traumatic Childbirth Perceptions and Normal Delivery Beliefs of the Primiparas

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 6, 676 - 682, 31.12.2023

Emine İbici Akça Nilay Gökbulut Hatice Gül Öztaş

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1253192

Öz

Purpose: This research was carried out to determine the factors affecting the traumatic childbirth perception and normal delivery beliefs of the primiparous.
Method: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted with 414 pregnant women who applied to the NST unit of a public hospital in a province in the south of Turkey. The data of the study was collected with the "Pregnant Introductory Form", "The Scale of Traumatic Childbirth Perception (STCP)" and "Belief Scale for Normal Delivery (BSND)".
Results: It was determined that the beliefs and tendencies of pregnant women who had the living in the city, desired pregnancy, planned vaginal delivery, received information about birth, and exercised regularly during pregnancy had higher beliefs and tendencies toward normal delivery, and as the gestational weeks progressed, the traumatic childbirth perception increased (p<0.05). In addition, it was determined that the traumatic childbirth perception increased in pregnant women living in the city (p<0.001).
Conclusion: This research may guide the clinical approaches and the design of future studies by revealing the necessity of planning holistic care by determining the risk factors that may create the perception of traumatic birth and negatively affect the beliefs of normal delivery among pregnant women.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Perception pregnant primiparity midwifery

Kaynakça

  • Hacıvelioğlu D, Bolsoy N. Investigation of the Birth Experiences and Birth Perceptions of Three Generations of Women: Rural Example of Western Anatolia. GUJHS 2020; 9(2): 67–81 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.672954
  • İşbir GG, İnci F. Traumatic Childbirth and Nursing Approaches. Journal of Women’s Health Nursing 2014; 1: 29-40.
  • Bülbül T, Özen B, Çopur A, Kavacık F. Investigation the Fear of Labor and Decision Making About Delivery Type in Pregnant. Journal of Health Sciences 2016; 25(3): 126-130. Doi: https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.552894
  • Kapısız Ö, Karaca A, Süzer Özkan F, Gülen Savaş H. Perceptions of Nursing Students Regarding Childbirth. Journal of Duzce University Health Sciences Institute 2017; 7(3): 156-160.
  • Karaçam Z, Akyüz EÖ. Supportive Care in Labor and The Rol of Midwife / Nurse. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 2011; 19(1): 45-53.
  • Ford E, Ayers S. Stressful Events and Support During Birth: The Effect on Anxiety, Mood and Perceived Control. J Anxiety Disord 2009; 23(2): 260-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.07.009
  • Uludağ E, Mete S. Supportive Care in Labor. Cumhuriyet Nursing Journal 2014; 3(2): 22-9.
  • Jafari E, Mohebbi P, Mazloomzadeh S. Factors Related to Women's Childbirth Satisfaction in Physiologic and Routine Childbirth Groups. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2017; 22(3): 219-24. Doi: 10.4103/1735-9066.208161
  • Yılmaz E, Şaşmaz S, Çakıroğlu S, Özdoğan Ş, Bay F. (2020). Investigation of Travmatic Childbirth Perception and Mother-Infant Attachment in Women. Anadolu Ebeler Derneği Kongresi Conference Paper. 304-11. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12498/4937.
  • Aktaş S. Multigravidas’ perceptions of traumatic childbirth: Its relation to some factors, the effect of previous type of birth and experience. Medicine Science International Medical Journal 2018; 7(1): 203-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2017.06.8728
  • Türkmen H, Yalniz Dilcen H, Akin B. The Effect of Labor Comfort on Traumatic Childbirth Perception, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med 2020 Dec; 15(12): 779-788. Doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1089/bfm.2020.0138
  • Yıldırım G, Bilgin Z. Risk status and traumatic birth perception in pregnancy. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57(4): 1897-1904. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12764
  • Paker S, Ertem, G. Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Form of the Birth Beliefs Scale. J Tepecik Educ Res Hosp 2022; 32(1): 1-8 Doi: 10.4274/terh.galenos.2020.89814
  • Molina G, Weiser TG, Lipsitz SR, Esquivel MM, UribeLeitz T, Azad T, et al. Relationship between cesarean delivery rate and maternal and neonatal mortality. JAMA 2015; 314: 2263-70. Doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15553
  • ten Hoope-Bender P, de Bernis L, Campbell J, Downe S, Fauveau V, Fogstad H, et al. Improvement of maternal and newborn health through midwifery. The Lancet 2014; 384: 1226-35. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60930-2
  • Aktaş S, Erkek ZY. The Examination of the Reasons Why Mothers Preference to Vaginal Birth: An Example of Qualitative Study. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences 2018; 7(1): 111-24.
  • Ciçek Ö, Okumuş H. Self-Efficacy Perception at Bırth: Its Importance and Effective Factors. International Refereed Journal of Gynaecological Diseases and Maternal Child Health 2017; 10: 35–49. Doi: 10.17367/JACSD.2017.2.3
  • World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2015. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/170250/9789240694439_eng.pdf?sequen ce=1 Accessed April 12, 2023.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2021. https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/44131/0/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2021-haber-bultenipdf.pdf. Accessed April 12, 2023.
  • Serçekus P, Okumus H. Fears associated with childbirth among nulliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery 2009; 25(2): 155-62. Doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2007.02.005
  • Serçekus P, Çetişli NE, İnci FH. Birth preferences by nulliparous women and their partners in Turkey. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 2015; 6(3): 182-5. Doi: 10.1016/j.srhc.2015.03.002
  • Dadipoor S, Mehraban M, Aghamolaei T, Ramezankhani A, Safari-Moradabadi A. Prediction of Birth Type Based on the Health Belief Model. J Family Reprod Healt 2017; 11(3): 159-64.
  • Karabulutlu Ö. Identifying The Women`s Choice of Delivery Methods of and The Factors That Affect Them. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 2012; 20(3): 210-8.
  • Vatansever Z, Okumuş H. The Study of Decision Making About the Delivery Type of Pregnant Women. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty 2013; 6(2): 82-87.
  • Ibici Akca E, Aksoy Derya Y. Effects of tele-education given based on the health belief model on mode of delivery tendencies in pregnant women. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 2021; 1-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2022.2125939
  • Yalnız H, Canan F, Genç R, Kuloğlu MM, Geçici Ö. Development of a Scale of Traumatic Childbirth Perception. Turkish Medical Journal 2016; 81-8.
  • Yılmaz B, Sel İ, Şahin N. The Effect of Women’s Personality Traits on Traumatic Birth Perception. E- Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty 2021; 14(4): 423- 32. Doi: 10.46483/deuhfed.882663
  • Murphy H, Strong J. Just another ordinary bad birth? A narrative analysis of first time mothers' traumatic birth experiences. Health Care for Women International 2018; 39(6): 619-643. Doi: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1442838
  • Görgün Ş. Evaluation of the relationship between self-efficacy and traumatic childbirth perception of women. Health Sciences Institute, Department of Midwifery, Master's Thesis (Unpublished), Ataturk University, Erzurum (Turkey).2020.
  • Hassani L, Aghamolaei T, Ghanbarnejad A, Dadipoor S. The effect of an instructional program based on health belief model in decreasing cesarean rate among primiparous pregnant mothers. J Educ Health Promot 2016; 5(1). Doi: 10.4103/2277-9531.184558
  • Loke AY, Davies L, Li SF. Factors influencing the decision that women make on their mode of delivery: the Health Belief Model. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15: 274. Doi 10.1186/s12913-015-0931-z
  • Öcal Z, Kaya MS, Bayıroğlu, F. Investigation of Medical Faculty School Students Views on Normal and Cesarean Birth. Turkish Journal of Health Research 2022; 3(1): 1-19.
  • Khorsandi M, Ghofranipour F, Hidarnia A, Faghihzadeh S, Ghobadzadeh M. The effect of PRECEDE PROCEED model combined with the health belief model and the theory of self-efficacy to increase normal delivery among nulliparous women. Procedia-Social Behav Sci 2012; 46: 187-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.091
  • Temizkan E, Mete S. Determination of The Factors Affecting the Birth Style Preferences of Primiparas. Journal of Educatıon and Research in Nursing 2020; 17(2): 112-9. Doi:10.5222/HEAD.2020.43179
  • Elkin N. Preferred Mode of Delivery and the Related Factors in Women Aged 18–49 Years Who Applied to a Family Health Center. Anatol Clin 2016; 21(2): 119-28. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.180736
  • Köken G, Yılmazer M. Pregnancy and Exercise. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2007; 17: 385-92.
  • Sanda B, Vistad I, Sagedal LR, Haakstad LAH, Lohne-Seiler H, Torstveit MK. What is the effect of physicalactivity on duration and mode of delivery? Secondary analysis from the Norwegian Fitfor Delivery trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97: 861–71. Doi: 10.1111/aogs.13351
  • Poyatos-Leon R, Garcıa-Hermoso A, Sanabria-Martınez G, Álvarez-Bueno C, Sánchez-López M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Effects of exercise during pregnancy on mode of delivery: a meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015; 94: 1039–47. Doi: 10.1111/aogs.12675
  • Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, Saisto T. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG 2009; 116(1): 67-73. Doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02002.x
  • Nieminen K, Stephansson O, Ryding EL. Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section–a cross‐sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009; 88(7): 807-13. Doi: 10.1080/00016340902998436
  • Laursen M, Johansen C, Hedegaard M. Fear of childbirth and risk for birth complications in nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG 2009; 116(10): 1350-5. Doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02250.x
  • Şahin M. Relationship Between Maternal Antenatal Attachment and Traumatic Childbirth Perception Among Pregnant Women. Health Sciences Institute, Department of Nursing, Master's Thesis (Unpublished), Ordu University, Ordu (Turkey). 2020.

Primiparların Travmatik Doğum Algısı ve Normal Doğum İnançlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 6, 676 - 682, 31.12.2023

Emine İbici Akça Nilay Gökbulut Hatice Gül Öztaş

https://doi.org/10.54005/geneltip.1253192

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma primiparların travmatik doğum algısı ve normal doğum inançlarını etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel-analitik nitelikteki bu araştırma Türkiye’nin güneyinde bulunan bir ildeki bir kamu hastanesinin NST birimine başvuran ve araştırmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden 414 gebe ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri "Gebe Tanıtım Formu", " Travmatik Doğum Algısı Ölçeği (TDAÖ) " ve “Normal Doğuma İnanç Ölçeği (NDİÖ)" ile toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmada gebelerin yaşadıkları yer ile Travmatik Doğum Algısı Ölçeği’nden ve Normal Doğuma İnanç Ölçeği’nden aldıkları toplam puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05; p<0.001). Gebelerin istenilen bir gebelik yaşamaları, planladıkları doğum şekli, doğuma ilişkin bilgi alma durumu ve gebelikte düzenli egzersiz yapmaları ile Normal Doğuma İnanç Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Ayrıca gebelerin gebelik haftaları ile Travmatik Doğum Algısı Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı zayıf düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.001).
Sonuç: Kentte yaşayan gebelerin travmatik doğum algıları ile normal doğuma inanç ve eğilimlerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. İstenilen bir gebelik yaşayan, vajinal doğum planlayan, doğuma ilişkin bilgi alan ve gebelikte düzenli egzersiz yapan gebelerin normal doğuma ilişkin inanç ve eğilimlerinin daha yüksek olduğu ayrıca gebelik haftaları arttıkça gebelerin travmatik doğum algılarının arttığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

algı gebe primiparite ebelik

Kaynakça

  • Hacıvelioğlu D, Bolsoy N. Investigation of the Birth Experiences and Birth Perceptions of Three Generations of Women: Rural Example of Western Anatolia. GUJHS 2020; 9(2): 67–81 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.672954
  • İşbir GG, İnci F. Traumatic Childbirth and Nursing Approaches. Journal of Women’s Health Nursing 2014; 1: 29-40.
  • Bülbül T, Özen B, Çopur A, Kavacık F. Investigation the Fear of Labor and Decision Making About Delivery Type in Pregnant. Journal of Health Sciences 2016; 25(3): 126-130. Doi: https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.552894
  • Kapısız Ö, Karaca A, Süzer Özkan F, Gülen Savaş H. Perceptions of Nursing Students Regarding Childbirth. Journal of Duzce University Health Sciences Institute 2017; 7(3): 156-160.
  • Karaçam Z, Akyüz EÖ. Supportive Care in Labor and The Rol of Midwife / Nurse. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 2011; 19(1): 45-53.
  • Ford E, Ayers S. Stressful Events and Support During Birth: The Effect on Anxiety, Mood and Perceived Control. J Anxiety Disord 2009; 23(2): 260-8. Doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.07.009
  • Uludağ E, Mete S. Supportive Care in Labor. Cumhuriyet Nursing Journal 2014; 3(2): 22-9.
  • Jafari E, Mohebbi P, Mazloomzadeh S. Factors Related to Women's Childbirth Satisfaction in Physiologic and Routine Childbirth Groups. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2017; 22(3): 219-24. Doi: 10.4103/1735-9066.208161
  • Yılmaz E, Şaşmaz S, Çakıroğlu S, Özdoğan Ş, Bay F. (2020). Investigation of Travmatic Childbirth Perception and Mother-Infant Attachment in Women. Anadolu Ebeler Derneği Kongresi Conference Paper. 304-11. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12498/4937.
  • Aktaş S. Multigravidas’ perceptions of traumatic childbirth: Its relation to some factors, the effect of previous type of birth and experience. Medicine Science International Medical Journal 2018; 7(1): 203-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2017.06.8728
  • Türkmen H, Yalniz Dilcen H, Akin B. The Effect of Labor Comfort on Traumatic Childbirth Perception, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med 2020 Dec; 15(12): 779-788. Doi: https://doi.org/ 10.1089/bfm.2020.0138
  • Yıldırım G, Bilgin Z. Risk status and traumatic birth perception in pregnancy. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57(4): 1897-1904. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12764
  • Paker S, Ertem, G. Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Form of the Birth Beliefs Scale. J Tepecik Educ Res Hosp 2022; 32(1): 1-8 Doi: 10.4274/terh.galenos.2020.89814
  • Molina G, Weiser TG, Lipsitz SR, Esquivel MM, UribeLeitz T, Azad T, et al. Relationship between cesarean delivery rate and maternal and neonatal mortality. JAMA 2015; 314: 2263-70. Doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15553
  • ten Hoope-Bender P, de Bernis L, Campbell J, Downe S, Fauveau V, Fogstad H, et al. Improvement of maternal and newborn health through midwifery. The Lancet 2014; 384: 1226-35. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60930-2
  • Aktaş S, Erkek ZY. The Examination of the Reasons Why Mothers Preference to Vaginal Birth: An Example of Qualitative Study. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences 2018; 7(1): 111-24.
  • Ciçek Ö, Okumuş H. Self-Efficacy Perception at Bırth: Its Importance and Effective Factors. International Refereed Journal of Gynaecological Diseases and Maternal Child Health 2017; 10: 35–49. Doi: 10.17367/JACSD.2017.2.3
  • World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2015. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/170250/9789240694439_eng.pdf?sequen ce=1 Accessed April 12, 2023.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2021. https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/44131/0/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2021-haber-bultenipdf.pdf. Accessed April 12, 2023.
  • Serçekus P, Okumus H. Fears associated with childbirth among nulliparous women in Turkey. Midwifery 2009; 25(2): 155-62. Doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2007.02.005
  • Serçekus P, Çetişli NE, İnci FH. Birth preferences by nulliparous women and their partners in Turkey. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 2015; 6(3): 182-5. Doi: 10.1016/j.srhc.2015.03.002
  • Dadipoor S, Mehraban M, Aghamolaei T, Ramezankhani A, Safari-Moradabadi A. Prediction of Birth Type Based on the Health Belief Model. J Family Reprod Healt 2017; 11(3): 159-64.
  • Karabulutlu Ö. Identifying The Women`s Choice of Delivery Methods of and The Factors That Affect Them. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 2012; 20(3): 210-8.
  • Vatansever Z, Okumuş H. The Study of Decision Making About the Delivery Type of Pregnant Women. E-Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty 2013; 6(2): 82-87.
  • Ibici Akca E, Aksoy Derya Y. Effects of tele-education given based on the health belief model on mode of delivery tendencies in pregnant women. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 2021; 1-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2022.2125939
  • Yalnız H, Canan F, Genç R, Kuloğlu MM, Geçici Ö. Development of a Scale of Traumatic Childbirth Perception. Turkish Medical Journal 2016; 81-8.
  • Yılmaz B, Sel İ, Şahin N. The Effect of Women’s Personality Traits on Traumatic Birth Perception. E- Journal of Dokuz Eylul University Nursing Faculty 2021; 14(4): 423- 32. Doi: 10.46483/deuhfed.882663
  • Murphy H, Strong J. Just another ordinary bad birth? A narrative analysis of first time mothers' traumatic birth experiences. Health Care for Women International 2018; 39(6): 619-643. Doi: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1442838
  • Görgün Ş. Evaluation of the relationship between self-efficacy and traumatic childbirth perception of women. Health Sciences Institute, Department of Midwifery, Master's Thesis (Unpublished), Ataturk University, Erzurum (Turkey).2020.
  • Hassani L, Aghamolaei T, Ghanbarnejad A, Dadipoor S. The effect of an instructional program based on health belief model in decreasing cesarean rate among primiparous pregnant mothers. J Educ Health Promot 2016; 5(1). Doi: 10.4103/2277-9531.184558
  • Loke AY, Davies L, Li SF. Factors influencing the decision that women make on their mode of delivery: the Health Belief Model. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15: 274. Doi 10.1186/s12913-015-0931-z
  • Öcal Z, Kaya MS, Bayıroğlu, F. Investigation of Medical Faculty School Students Views on Normal and Cesarean Birth. Turkish Journal of Health Research 2022; 3(1): 1-19.
  • Khorsandi M, Ghofranipour F, Hidarnia A, Faghihzadeh S, Ghobadzadeh M. The effect of PRECEDE PROCEED model combined with the health belief model and the theory of self-efficacy to increase normal delivery among nulliparous women. Procedia-Social Behav Sci 2012; 46: 187-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.091
  • Temizkan E, Mete S. Determination of The Factors Affecting the Birth Style Preferences of Primiparas. Journal of Educatıon and Research in Nursing 2020; 17(2): 112-9. Doi:10.5222/HEAD.2020.43179
  • Elkin N. Preferred Mode of Delivery and the Related Factors in Women Aged 18–49 Years Who Applied to a Family Health Center. Anatol Clin 2016; 21(2): 119-28. Doi: https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.180736
  • Köken G, Yılmazer M. Pregnancy and Exercise. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2007; 17: 385-92.
  • Sanda B, Vistad I, Sagedal LR, Haakstad LAH, Lohne-Seiler H, Torstveit MK. What is the effect of physicalactivity on duration and mode of delivery? Secondary analysis from the Norwegian Fitfor Delivery trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97: 861–71. Doi: 10.1111/aogs.13351
  • Poyatos-Leon R, Garcıa-Hermoso A, Sanabria-Martınez G, Álvarez-Bueno C, Sánchez-López M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Effects of exercise during pregnancy on mode of delivery: a meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015; 94: 1039–47. Doi: 10.1111/aogs.12675
  • Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, Saisto T. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG 2009; 116(1): 67-73. Doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02002.x
  • Nieminen K, Stephansson O, Ryding EL. Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section–a cross‐sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2009; 88(7): 807-13. Doi: 10.1080/00016340902998436
  • Laursen M, Johansen C, Hedegaard M. Fear of childbirth and risk for birth complications in nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG 2009; 116(10): 1350-5. Doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02250.x
  • Şahin M. Relationship Between Maternal Antenatal Attachment and Traumatic Childbirth Perception Among Pregnant Women. Health Sciences Institute, Department of Nursing, Master's Thesis (Unpublished), Ordu University, Ordu (Turkey). 2020.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Emine İbici Akça 0000-0001-5432-2951

Nilay Gökbulut 0000-0003-1889-7285

Hatice Gül Öztaş 0000-0003-3574-2509

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver İbici Akça E, Gökbulut N, Öztaş HG. Identification of the Factors Affecting the Traumatic Childbirth Perceptions and Normal Delivery Beliefs of the Primiparas. Genel Tıp Derg. 2023;33(6):676-82.

Genel Tıp Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.