The Correlation between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education during the Pandemic Period: A Cross-sectional Study

Emine İbici Akça; Zeliha Özşahin

doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1183426

Araştırma Makalesi

The Correlation between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education during the Pandemic Period: A Cross-sectional Study

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1873 - 1886, 26.12.2023

Emine İbici Akça Zeliha Özşahin

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1183426

Öz

The research was carried out to determine the correlation between the levels of self-efficacy, hopelessness, and motivation of midwifery students who were having education during the pandemic period.
The sample of the cross-sectional-analytical study consisted of 190 midwifery students. The “Student Information Form”, “General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)”, “Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)” and “Motivation's Resources and Problems Scale (MRPS)” were used to collect the data. In the statistical analysis of the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, Independent Samples t-test, One Way ANOVA, Mann Whitney-U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlation tests were used.
In the study, a negative, statistically significant moderate correlation was found between the students' GSES total score average and the BHS total score average, and a positive statistically significant moderate correlation between the MRPS total score average (p<0.001).
In the study, it was determined that most of the students felt incompetent in the clinical practice of online distance midwifery education that they received during the pandemic, and that half of the students thought that only online distance education was not appropriate for midwifery education, and it was determined that as students' motivation levels increased and their hopelessness levels decreased, their self-efficacy levels increased.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pandemic, Midwifery students, Self-efficacy, Hopelessness, Motivation

Kaynakça

1. Camacho, A, Correia, N, Zaccoletti, S. and Daniel, J.R. (2021). Anxiety and Social Support as Predictors of Student Academic Motivation During the COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 644338: 1–11.
2. Yang, X, Zhang, M, Kong, L, Wang, Q. and Hong, J.C. (2021). The Effects of Scientific Self-fficacy and Cognitive Anxiety on Science Engagement with the ‘Question-Observation-Doing-Explanation’ Model during School Disruption in COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 30, 380–93.
3. Daniels, L.M, Goegan, L.D. and Parker, P.C. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Triggered Changes to Instruction and Assessment on University Students’ Self-Reported Motivation, Engagement and Perceptions. Social Psychology of Education, 24, 299–318.
4. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu (YÖK). (2020). Covid 19 Information. https://covid19.yok.gov.tr/alinan-kararlar (March 13, 2022)
5. United Nations. (2020). Policy Brief: Education during COVID-19 and Beyond. https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/sg_policy_brief_covid-19_and_education_august_2020.pdf (March 01, 2022).6.
6. Alyoubi, A, Halstead, E.J, Zambelli Z. and Dimitriou, D. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students’ Mental Health and Sleep in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18:9344:1-16.
7. Kaplan Serin, E. and Doğan, R. (2021). The Relationship between Anxiety and Hopelessness Levels among Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Factors. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 1-21.
8. Hernández-Sánchez, B.R., Cardella, G. M. and Sánchez-García, J.C. (2020). Psychological Factors That Lessen the Impact of Covid-19 on the Self-Employment Intention of Business Administration and Economics’ Students from Latin America. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 5293: 1–22.
9. Holzer, J, Lüftenegger, M, Käser, U, Korlat, S, Pelikan, E, Schultze-Krumbholz, A, Spiel, C, Wachs, S. and Schober, B. (2021). Students’ Basic Needs and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Two-Country Study of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Intrinsic Learning Motivation, Positive Emotion and the Moderating Role of Self-Regulated Learning.” International Journal of Psychology, 56(6), 843-852.
10. Pasion, R, Dias-Oliveira, E, Camacho, A, Morais. and C. Franco, R.C. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Undergraduate Business Students: A Longitudinal Study on Academic Motivation, Engagement and Attachment to University.” Accounting Research Journal, 34(2), 246–57.
11. Zaccoletti, S, Camacho, A., Correia, N, Aguiar, C, Mason, L, Alves, R.A. and Daniel, J. R. (2020). Parents’ Perceptions of Student Academic Motivation During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Country Comparison. Frontiers in Psychology, 11:592670, 1–13.
12. Wigfield, A. and Wentzel, K.R. (2007). Introduction to Motivation at School: Interventions That Work. Educational Psychologist, 42(4), 191–96.
13. Topuz, Ş, Yilmaz Sezer, N, Aker, M.N., Gönenç, İ.M, Öner Cengiz, H. and Er Korucu, A. (2021). A SWOT Analysis of the Opinions of Midwifery Students about Distance Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic a Qualitative Study. Midwifery, 103, 103161.
14. Angasu, K, Bekela, T, Gelan, M., Wakjira, D, Melkamu, E, Belachew, B, Diribsa, T, Ahmed, A. A, Eba, A, Tadesse, K. and Boche, B. (2021). COVID-19’s Negative Impacts on Clinical Learning and Proposed Compensation Mechanisms Among Undergraduate Midwifery and Nursing Students of Jimma University. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 12, 1411-17.
15. Akyıldız, D. (2021). Distance Education of Midwifery Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Recommendations. European Journal of Midwifery, 5, 25.
16. Lazenby, M, Chambers, S, Chyun, D, Davidson, P, Dithole, K, Norman, I. and Tlou, S. (2020). Clinical Nursing and Midwifery Education in the Pandemic Age. International Nursing Review, 67, 323–25.
17. Kim, S. and Jeon, J. (2020). Factors Influencing eHealth Literacy among Korean Nursing Students: A Cross‐sectional Study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 1-8.
18. Panda, S, Dash, M, John, J, Rath, K, Debata, A, Swain, D, Mohanty, K. and Eustace-Cook, J. (2021). Challenges Faced by Student Nurses and Midwives in Clinical Learning Environment–A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis. Nurse Education Today, 101:104875.
19. Aucejo, E.M., French, J, Araya, M.P.U. and Zafar, B. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey. Journal of Public Economics, 191:104271.
20. Kansu, A.F. and Hızlı Sayar, G. (2018). Öz Yeterli̇k, Yaşam Anlamı ve Yaşam Bağlılığı Kavramları Üzeri̇ne Bi̇r İnceleme. Etkileşim, 1(1), 78–89. (In Turkish)
21. Cengiz, Z, Gürdap, Z, Karaca, E. and Acun, M. (2021). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Öz Yeterlilikleri Ile Mesleki Güdülenmeleri Arasındaki İlişki. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetim Dergisi, 8(1), 12–20. (In Turkish)
22. Burić, I., Slišković, A. and Sorić, I. (2020). Teachers’ Emotions and Self-Efficacy: A Test of Reciprocal Relations. Frontiers in Psychology, 11:1650, 1–14.
23. Bilgin, Z, Arslan Özkan, H. and Baş, M. (2016). Ebelik Öğrencilerinde Güdülenme Düzeyinin Klinik Uygulama Beklentisine Etkisi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(4), 38–53. (In Turkish)
24. Dağlar, G, Bilgic, D, Evcili, F. and Bolat, O. (2018). The Relationship between Self-Efficacy-Sufficiency and Professional Motivation of the Midwifery Students. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(2), 1238–46.
25. Kheirkhah, M, Joghi, Z.Z., Jalal, E.J. and Haghani, H. (2017). “The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Motivation among Midwifery Students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016.” Der Pharmacia Lettre, 9(1), 29–37.
26. Sevinç, S. ve Özdemir, S. (2017). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Kaygı ve Umutsuzluk Ilişkisi: Kilis Örneği.” Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 19(2), 14–24. (In Turkish)
27. Yıldırım, F. ve İlhan, İ.Ö. (2010). Genel Özyeterlilik Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4), 301-8. (In Turkish)
28. Sherer, M. Maddux, J.E. Mercandante, B. Prentice-Dunn, S. Jacobs, B. Rogers, R.W. (1982). The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and Validation. Psychol Rep, 51: 663-671.
29. Beck, A.T. Weissman, A. Lester, D. and Trexler, L. (1974). The Measurement of Pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. J. Consult Clin Psychol, 42 (6): 861-865
30. Durak, A. and Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1994). Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği Geçerlilik Çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 2(2): 311-319. (In Turkish)
31. Acat, M.B. ve Köşgeroğlu, N. (2006). Güdülenme Kaynakları ve Sorunları Ölçegi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 7, 204–210. (In Turkish)
32. Kobekyaa, F.K, Markhosizana, B.D, Bagrmwin, L, Anglaaere, N. and Dapillah, A. (2019). Current Issues and Challenges of Clinical Education in Nursing and Midwifery in Africa: Protocol of a Scoping Review Study. Nurs Primary Care, 3(2), 1–5.
33. Wahyuni, S, Badriah, Cahyati, P. and Limakrisna, N. (2020). The Influence of Self Efficacy on Cognitive Load In Online Learning In The Pandemic Covid-19 On Nursing Students. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(11), 2562–75.
34. Thompson, S.M., Low, L.K, Budé, L, Vries, R. and Nieuwenhuijze, M. (2021). Evaluating the Effect of an Educational Intervention on Student Midwife Self-Efficacy for Their Role as Physiological Childbirth Advocates. Nurse Education Today, 96:104628.
35. Mafla, A.C. Divaris, K., Herrera‐López, H.M. and Heft, M.W. (2019). Self‐Efficacy and Academic Performance in Colombian Dental Students. Journal of Dental Education, 83(6), 697–705.
36. Taş, A.S. ve Köktürk Dalcalı, B. (2021). Covid-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Mesleki Güdülenme. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 418-424. (In Turkish)
37. Li, W, Gillies, R, He, M., Wu, C, Liu, S, Gong, Z. and Sun, H. (2021). Barriers and Facilitators to Online Medical and Nursing Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from International Students from Low-and Middle-Income Countries and Their Teaching Staff. Human Resources for Health 19:64:1-14.
38. Ivanec, TP. (2022). The Lack of Academic Social Interactions and Students’ Learning Difficulties during COVID-19 Faculty Lockdowns in Croatia: The Mediating Role of the Perceived Sense of Life Disruption Caused by the Pandemic and the Adjustment to Online Studying. Soc Sci, 11(2).
39. Gulley, T, Hall, T, Newsome, A, Sidle, M.W. and Simpson, M. R. (2021). Perceived Self-Efficacy among Nursing Students during a Pandemic: A Pilot Study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 16, 215–19.
40. Jehi, T, Khan, R, Santos, H.D. and Majzoub, N. (2022). Effect of COVID-19 Outbreak on Anxiety among Students of Higher Education; A Review of Literature. Current Psychology, 1–15.

Pandemi Sürecinde Eğitim Alan Ebelik Öğrencilerinin Öz-Yeterlilik Düzeyleri ile Umutsuzluk ve Motivasyon Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1873 - 1886, 26.12.2023

Emine İbici Akça Zeliha Özşahin

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1183426

Öz

Araştırma, pandemi sürecinde eğitim alan ebelik öğrencilerinin öz-yeterlilik düzeyleri ile umutsuzluk ve motivasyon düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Kesitsel-analitik türde yapılan araştırmanın örneklemini 190 ebelik öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında “Öğrenci Bilgi Formu”, “Genel Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği (GÖYÖ)”, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği (BUÖ)” ve “Güdülenme Kaynakları ve Sorunları Ölçeği (GKSÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirmesinde; tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanı sıra Independent t-testi, One Way Anova, Mann Whitney-U testi, Kruskal Wallis testi ile Pearson korelasyon testleri kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmada öğrencilerin GÖYÖ toplam puan ortalamaları ile BUÖ toplam puan ortalamaları arasında negatif, GKSÖ toplam puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı orta düzeyde bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.001).
Araştırmada öğrencilerin çoğunun pandemi sürecinde aldıkları çevrimiçi uzaktan ebelik eğitimi ile ilgili klinik uygulama alanında kendilerini yetersiz hissettikleri ve öğrencilerin yarısının ebelik eğitimi için sadece çevrimiçi uzaktan eğitimin uygun olmadığını düşündükleri belirlenmiş olup öğrencilerin motivasyonları arttıkça ve umutsuzlukları azaldıkça öz yeterlilik düzeylerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pandemi, Ebelik öğrencileri, Öz yeterlilik, Umutsuzluk, Motivasyon

Kaynakça

1. Camacho, A, Correia, N, Zaccoletti, S. and Daniel, J.R. (2021). Anxiety and Social Support as Predictors of Student Academic Motivation During the COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 644338: 1–11.
2. Yang, X, Zhang, M, Kong, L, Wang, Q. and Hong, J.C. (2021). The Effects of Scientific Self-fficacy and Cognitive Anxiety on Science Engagement with the ‘Question-Observation-Doing-Explanation’ Model during School Disruption in COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 30, 380–93.
3. Daniels, L.M, Goegan, L.D. and Parker, P.C. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Triggered Changes to Instruction and Assessment on University Students’ Self-Reported Motivation, Engagement and Perceptions. Social Psychology of Education, 24, 299–318.
4. Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu (YÖK). (2020). Covid 19 Information. https://covid19.yok.gov.tr/alinan-kararlar (March 13, 2022)
5. United Nations. (2020). Policy Brief: Education during COVID-19 and Beyond. https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/sg_policy_brief_covid-19_and_education_august_2020.pdf (March 01, 2022).6.
6. Alyoubi, A, Halstead, E.J, Zambelli Z. and Dimitriou, D. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students’ Mental Health and Sleep in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18:9344:1-16.
7. Kaplan Serin, E. and Doğan, R. (2021). The Relationship between Anxiety and Hopelessness Levels among Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Related Factors. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 1-21.
8. Hernández-Sánchez, B.R., Cardella, G. M. and Sánchez-García, J.C. (2020). Psychological Factors That Lessen the Impact of Covid-19 on the Self-Employment Intention of Business Administration and Economics’ Students from Latin America. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 5293: 1–22.
9. Holzer, J, Lüftenegger, M, Käser, U, Korlat, S, Pelikan, E, Schultze-Krumbholz, A, Spiel, C, Wachs, S. and Schober, B. (2021). Students’ Basic Needs and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Two-Country Study of Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Intrinsic Learning Motivation, Positive Emotion and the Moderating Role of Self-Regulated Learning.” International Journal of Psychology, 56(6), 843-852.
10. Pasion, R, Dias-Oliveira, E, Camacho, A, Morais. and C. Franco, R.C. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Undergraduate Business Students: A Longitudinal Study on Academic Motivation, Engagement and Attachment to University.” Accounting Research Journal, 34(2), 246–57.
11. Zaccoletti, S, Camacho, A., Correia, N, Aguiar, C, Mason, L, Alves, R.A. and Daniel, J. R. (2020). Parents’ Perceptions of Student Academic Motivation During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Country Comparison. Frontiers in Psychology, 11:592670, 1–13.
12. Wigfield, A. and Wentzel, K.R. (2007). Introduction to Motivation at School: Interventions That Work. Educational Psychologist, 42(4), 191–96.
13. Topuz, Ş, Yilmaz Sezer, N, Aker, M.N., Gönenç, İ.M, Öner Cengiz, H. and Er Korucu, A. (2021). A SWOT Analysis of the Opinions of Midwifery Students about Distance Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic a Qualitative Study. Midwifery, 103, 103161.
14. Angasu, K, Bekela, T, Gelan, M., Wakjira, D, Melkamu, E, Belachew, B, Diribsa, T, Ahmed, A. A, Eba, A, Tadesse, K. and Boche, B. (2021). COVID-19’s Negative Impacts on Clinical Learning and Proposed Compensation Mechanisms Among Undergraduate Midwifery and Nursing Students of Jimma University. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 12, 1411-17.
15. Akyıldız, D. (2021). Distance Education of Midwifery Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Recommendations. European Journal of Midwifery, 5, 25.
16. Lazenby, M, Chambers, S, Chyun, D, Davidson, P, Dithole, K, Norman, I. and Tlou, S. (2020). Clinical Nursing and Midwifery Education in the Pandemic Age. International Nursing Review, 67, 323–25.
17. Kim, S. and Jeon, J. (2020). Factors Influencing eHealth Literacy among Korean Nursing Students: A Cross‐sectional Study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 1-8.
18. Panda, S, Dash, M, John, J, Rath, K, Debata, A, Swain, D, Mohanty, K. and Eustace-Cook, J. (2021). Challenges Faced by Student Nurses and Midwives in Clinical Learning Environment–A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis. Nurse Education Today, 101:104875.
19. Aucejo, E.M., French, J, Araya, M.P.U. and Zafar, B. (2020). The Impact of COVID-19 on Student Experiences and Expectations: Evidence from a Survey. Journal of Public Economics, 191:104271.
20. Kansu, A.F. and Hızlı Sayar, G. (2018). Öz Yeterli̇k, Yaşam Anlamı ve Yaşam Bağlılığı Kavramları Üzeri̇ne Bi̇r İnceleme. Etkileşim, 1(1), 78–89. (In Turkish)
21. Cengiz, Z, Gürdap, Z, Karaca, E. and Acun, M. (2021). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Öz Yeterlilikleri Ile Mesleki Güdülenmeleri Arasındaki İlişki. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetim Dergisi, 8(1), 12–20. (In Turkish)
22. Burić, I., Slišković, A. and Sorić, I. (2020). Teachers’ Emotions and Self-Efficacy: A Test of Reciprocal Relations. Frontiers in Psychology, 11:1650, 1–14.
23. Bilgin, Z, Arslan Özkan, H. and Baş, M. (2016). Ebelik Öğrencilerinde Güdülenme Düzeyinin Klinik Uygulama Beklentisine Etkisi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(4), 38–53. (In Turkish)
24. Dağlar, G, Bilgic, D, Evcili, F. and Bolat, O. (2018). The Relationship between Self-Efficacy-Sufficiency and Professional Motivation of the Midwifery Students. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11(2), 1238–46.
25. Kheirkhah, M, Joghi, Z.Z., Jalal, E.J. and Haghani, H. (2017). “The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Motivation among Midwifery Students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2016.” Der Pharmacia Lettre, 9(1), 29–37.
26. Sevinç, S. ve Özdemir, S. (2017). Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Kaygı ve Umutsuzluk Ilişkisi: Kilis Örneği.” Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 19(2), 14–24. (In Turkish)
27. Yıldırım, F. ve İlhan, İ.Ö. (2010). Genel Özyeterlilik Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4), 301-8. (In Turkish)
28. Sherer, M. Maddux, J.E. Mercandante, B. Prentice-Dunn, S. Jacobs, B. Rogers, R.W. (1982). The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and Validation. Psychol Rep, 51: 663-671.
29. Beck, A.T. Weissman, A. Lester, D. and Trexler, L. (1974). The Measurement of Pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. J. Consult Clin Psychol, 42 (6): 861-865
30. Durak, A. and Palabıyıkoğlu, R. (1994). Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği Geçerlilik Çalışması. Kriz Dergisi, 2(2): 311-319. (In Turkish)
31. Acat, M.B. ve Köşgeroğlu, N. (2006). Güdülenme Kaynakları ve Sorunları Ölçegi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 7, 204–210. (In Turkish)
32. Kobekyaa, F.K, Markhosizana, B.D, Bagrmwin, L, Anglaaere, N. and Dapillah, A. (2019). Current Issues and Challenges of Clinical Education in Nursing and Midwifery in Africa: Protocol of a Scoping Review Study. Nurs Primary Care, 3(2), 1–5.
33. Wahyuni, S, Badriah, Cahyati, P. and Limakrisna, N. (2020). The Influence of Self Efficacy on Cognitive Load In Online Learning In The Pandemic Covid-19 On Nursing Students. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(11), 2562–75.
34. Thompson, S.M., Low, L.K, Budé, L, Vries, R. and Nieuwenhuijze, M. (2021). Evaluating the Effect of an Educational Intervention on Student Midwife Self-Efficacy for Their Role as Physiological Childbirth Advocates. Nurse Education Today, 96:104628.
35. Mafla, A.C. Divaris, K., Herrera‐López, H.M. and Heft, M.W. (2019). Self‐Efficacy and Academic Performance in Colombian Dental Students. Journal of Dental Education, 83(6), 697–705.
36. Taş, A.S. ve Köktürk Dalcalı, B. (2021). Covid-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Mesleki Güdülenme. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 418-424. (In Turkish)
37. Li, W, Gillies, R, He, M., Wu, C, Liu, S, Gong, Z. and Sun, H. (2021). Barriers and Facilitators to Online Medical and Nursing Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from International Students from Low-and Middle-Income Countries and Their Teaching Staff. Human Resources for Health 19:64:1-14.
38. Ivanec, TP. (2022). The Lack of Academic Social Interactions and Students’ Learning Difficulties during COVID-19 Faculty Lockdowns in Croatia: The Mediating Role of the Perceived Sense of Life Disruption Caused by the Pandemic and the Adjustment to Online Studying. Soc Sci, 11(2).
39. Gulley, T, Hall, T, Newsome, A, Sidle, M.W. and Simpson, M. R. (2021). Perceived Self-Efficacy among Nursing Students during a Pandemic: A Pilot Study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 16, 215–19.
40. Jehi, T, Khan, R, Santos, H.D. and Majzoub, N. (2022). Effect of COVID-19 Outbreak on Anxiety among Students of Higher Education; A Review of Literature. Current Psychology, 1–15.

Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Emine İbici Akça 0000-0001-5432-2951 Zeliha Özşahin 0000-0003-1906-9537
Yayımlanma Tarihi	26 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA	İbici Akça, E., & Özşahin, Z. (2023). The Correlation between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education during the Pandemic Period: A Cross-sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(4), 1873-1886. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1183426
AMA	İbici Akça E, Özşahin Z. The Correlation between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education during the Pandemic Period: A Cross-sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Aralık 2023;12(4):1873-1886. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1183426
Chicago	İbici Akça, Emine, ve Zeliha Özşahin. “The Correlation Between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education During the Pandemic Period: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12, sy. 4 (Aralık 2023): 1873-86. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1183426.
EndNote	İbici Akça E, Özşahin Z (01 Aralık 2023) The Correlation between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education during the Pandemic Period: A Cross-sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 4 1873–1886.
IEEE	E. İbici Akça ve Z. Özşahin, “The Correlation between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education during the Pandemic Period: A Cross-sectional Study”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 4, ss. 1873–1886, 2023, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1183426.
ISNAD	İbici Akça, Emine - Özşahin, Zeliha. “The Correlation Between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education During the Pandemic Period: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/4 (Aralık 2023), 1873-1886. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1183426.
JAMA	İbici Akça E, Özşahin Z. The Correlation between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education during the Pandemic Period: A Cross-sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12:1873–1886.
MLA	İbici Akça, Emine ve Zeliha Özşahin. “The Correlation Between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education During the Pandemic Period: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 1873-86, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1183426.
Vancouver	İbici Akça E, Özşahin Z. The Correlation between the Levels of Self-Efficacy, Hopelessness, and Motivation of Midwifery Students Who Were Having Education during the Pandemic Period: A Cross-sectional Study. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12(4):1873-86.

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