Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma

Pınar Yılmaz Eker; Pervin Köksel

doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1271343

Araştırma Makalesi

Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1711 - 1721, 26.12.2023

Pınar Yılmaz Eker Pervin Köksel

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271343

Öz

Bu çalışma, septorinoplasti hastalarına ameliyat öncesi verilen eğitimin cerrahi anksiyete, ağrı korkusu, ağrı ve konfor düzeyi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amacı ile yapıldı. Çalışma, randomize kontrollü yarı deneysel tipte bir çalışma olup bir üniversite hastanesinin kulak burun boğaz servisinde yürütüldü. Çalışma, 75 deney 75 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplam 150 hasta ile tamamlandı. Verilerin toplanmasında kişisel bilgi formu, cerrahi anksiyete ölçeği, ağrı korkusu ölçeği, ağrı düzeyini ve hasta konforunu ölçmek için de vizüel analog skala (VAS) olmak üzere 4 adet form kullanıldı. Deney grubundaki hastalara cerrahi öncesi araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan eğitim kitapçığı ile sözel eğitim verildi. Kontrol grubundaki hastalara klinikte uygulanan rutin uygulamaların dışında uygulama yapılmadı. Deney ve kontrol grubundaki hastalara ameliyattan hemen önce cerrahi anksiyete ölçeği ve ağrı korkusu ölçeği uygulandı. Ameliyattan sonra ilk doz analjezik uygulanmadan hemen önce ve ikinci doz analjezik uygulanmadan önce hastaların ağrı ve konfor düzeyleri VAS ile değerlendirildi. Deney grubundaki hastaların cerrahi anksiyete düzeyleri ve ağrı korkusu ölçeği puan ortalamaları, ağrı puan ortalamaları kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve düşük, konfor puan ortalamaları ise kontrol grubuna oranla daha yüksek ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0,05). Ölçekler arasında yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi modelinde cerrahi anksiyete ve ağrı korkusu arasında yüksek düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulundu (NNFI=0,98, CFI=0,992, GFI=0,966, AGFI=0,911). Sonuç olarak, septorinoplasti olacak hastalara eğitim verilmesinin hastaların ağrı, ağrı korkusu ve anksiyetesini azaltacağı ve konfor düzeyini artıracağı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağrı düzeyi, Ağrı korkusu, Cerrahi anksiyete, Konfor, Septorinoplasti

Kaynakça

1. Celik, F. and Edipoglu, I.S. (2018). “Evaluation of Preoperative Anxiety and Fear of Anesthesia Using APAIS Score”. European Journal of Medical Research, 23 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-018-0339-4
2. Ünver, S. ve Tufan, F.N. (2018). “Ağrı Korkusu Ölçeği-III’ün Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması.” Ağrı Dergisi, 30 (1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.5505/agri.2017.62681
3. Pamela, E., Macintyre, P. and Schug, S. (2014) “Acute Pain Managament A Practical Guide”, Fourth Edition, China, eBook ISBN: 978-1-4822-3350-6.
4. Selimen, D. and Andsoy, I.I. (2011). “The Importance of A Holistic Approach During the Perioperative Period”. AORN Journal. 93 (4), 482-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2010.09.029
5. Gürlek, Ö. ve Yavuz, M. (2013). “Cerrahi Kliniklerde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Ameliyat Öncesi Hasta Eğitimi Uygulama Durumları”. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 16, 8-15.
6. Zojaji, R., Sobhani, E, Meshkat, M. and Javanbakht M. (2018). “Quality of Life After Cosmetic Rhinoplasty in Iran: A Systematic Review”. Fundamentals of Mental Health, 20 (5), 320-324.
7. Gerecci, D, Casanueva, F.J, Mace, J.C, Annen, A, Barrett, D.M, Kim, M.M, Wang, T.D, Smith, T.L. and Loyo M. (2019). “Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Score Outcomes After Septorhinoplasty”. Laryngoscope, 129 (4), 841-846. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.27578.
8. Wähmann, M.S, Bulut, O.C, Bran, G.M, Veit, J.A. and Riedel, F. (2018). “Systematic Review of Quality-of-Life Measurement After Aesthetic Rhinoplasty”. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 42, 1635-1647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-018-1199-6
9. Çelik, M. and Altıntaş, A. (2019). “The Turkish Version of The Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation Questionnaire: Validation and Clinical Application”. Balkan Medical Journal, 36 (2), 129.-133. https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2018.2018.1129
10. McNeil, D.W. and Rainwater, A.J. (1998). “Development of The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21 (4), 389-410. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018782831217
11. Hayes, M.S. and Patterson, D.G. (1921). “Experimental Development of the Graphic Rating Method”. Psychological Bulletin. 18, 98-99.
12. Lee, J.S, Hobden, E, Stıell, G.I. and Wells, A.G. (2003). “Clinically Important Change in the Visual Analog Scale After Adequate Pain Control”. Academıc Emergency 10 (10), 1128-1130. https://doi.org/10.1197/S1069-6563(03)00372-5
13. Myles, P. S, Troedel, S, Boquest, M. and Reeves, M. (1999). “The Pain Visual Analog Scale: Is It Linear or Nonlinear?”. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 89 (6), 1517-1520. https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199912000-00038
14. Bodian, C.A, Freedman, G, Hossain, S, Eisenkraft, J.B. and Beilin, Y. (2001). “The Visual Analog Scale for Pain: Clinical Significance in Postoperative Patients”. The Journal of The American Society of Anesthesiologists, 95 (6), 1356-1361. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200112000-00013
15. Beytut, D, Başbakkal, Z. ve Karapınar, B. (2016). “Sedasyon Tanılama Yöntemi-Konfor Skalasının Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışması”. Ağrı, 28 (2), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.5505/agri.2015.24471
16. Sezen, M. (2019). “Total Kalça Artroplastisi Ameliyatı Öncesi Uygulanan Farklı Eğitim Programlarının Hastaların Anksiyete ve Ağrı Düzeylerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kırklareli.
17. Topan, H, Mucuk, S. ve Yontar, Y. (2022). “The Effect of Patient Education Prior to Rhinoplasty Surgery on Anxiety, Pain, and Satisfaction Levels”. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 37 (3), 374-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.07.001
18. Oppermann, P.O, Rabaioli, L, Feijó, C, Pilati, N.P, Hrisomalos, E.N, Migliavacca, R.O. and Lavinsky-Wolff M. (2022). “Overall Quality of Life Impact on Candidates for Septorhinoplasty According To The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Brief)”. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 88 (4), 570-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.07.015
19. Kütük, S.G. ve Arıkan, O.K. (2019). “Evaluation of The Effects of Open and Closed Rhinoplasty on The Psychosocial Stress Level and Quality of Life of Rhinoplasty Patients”. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 72 (8), 1347–1354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2019.03.020
20. Karabey, T. ve Karagözoğlu, Ş. (2021). “Ventrogluteal Bölgeye Yapılan intramusküler Enjeksiyonda Aspirasyon işleminin Enjeksiyona Bağlı Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisi”. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences, 13 (2), 303-309. https://doi.org/10.5336/nurses.2020-77248
21. Burton, D, King, A, Bartley, J, Petrie, K.J. and Broadbent, E. (2019). “The Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ): Development and Validation”. Psychology & Health, 34(2), 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2018.1502770
22. Bölükbaş, N. and Göl, G. (2021). “Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire: Turkish Validity and Reliability”. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1994619
23. Ishii, L.E, Tollefson, T.T, Basura, G.J, Rosenfeld, R.M, Abramson, P.J, Chaiet, S.R, Davis K.S, Doghramji, K, Farrior, E.H, Finestone, S.A, Ishman, S.L, Murphy, R.X, Park, J.G, Setzen, M, Strike, D.J, Walsh, S.A, Warner, J.P. and Nnachetanda, L.C. (2017). “Clinical Practice Guideline: İmproving Nasal Form and Function After Rhinoplasty”. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 156, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599816683153
24. Cingi, C, Songu, M. and Bal, C. (2011). “Outcomes Research in Rhinoplasty: Body Image and Quality of Life”. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 25(4), 263-267. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3649
25. Schumacher, R.E. and Lomax, R.G. (2010). “A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.)”. New York, NY: Routledge.
26. Gatignon, H. and Gatignon, H. (2014). “Confirmatory Factor Analysis”. Statistical Analysis of Management Data, 77-154.
27. Medina-Garzón, M. (2019). “Effectiveness of A Nursing Intervention to Diminish Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Programmed for Knee Replacement Surgery: Preventive Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial”. Investigacion Educacion Enfermeria, 37 (2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iee.v37n2e07
28. Robbins, C.B, Wisely, C.E, Rosdahl, J.A, Muir, K.W. and Gupta, D. (2020). “Impact of Video Education on Patient Knowledge, Anxiety, and Satisfaction in Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: A Pilot Study”. Journal of Glaucoma, 29 (12), 1158-1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000001657
29. Toğaç, H. K. and Yılmaz, E. (2021). “Effects of Preoperative İndividualized Audiovisual Education on Anxiety and Comfort in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Randomised Controlled Study”. Patient Education and Counseling, 104 (3), 603-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.026
30. Deyirmenjian, M, Karam, N. and Salameh, P. (2006). “Preoperative Patient Education for Open-Heart Patients: A Source of Anxiety?”. Patient Education and Counseling, 62 (1), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2005.06.014
31. Causey Upton, R, Howell, D.M, Kitzman, P.H. and Custer, M.G. (2020). “Preoperative Education for Total Knee Replacement A National Survey of Orthopaedic Nurses”. Orthopaedic Nursing, 39 (1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/NOR.0000000000000623
32. Vaajoki, A, Pietilä, A.M, Kankkunen, P. and Vehviläinen‐Julkunen, K. (2012). “Effects of Listening to Music on Pain Intensity and Pain Distress After Surgery: An Intervention”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21 (5‐6), 708-717. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03829.x
33. Frot, M, Feine, J.S. and Bushnell, M.C. (2004). “Sex Differences in Pain Perception and Anxiety. A Psychophysical Study with Topical Capsaicin”. Pain, 108 (3), 230-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2003.11.017
34. Thibodeau, M.A, Welch, P.G, Katz, J. and Asmundson, G.J. (2013). “Pain-related Anxiety Influences Pain Perception Differently In Men and Women: A Quantitative Sensory Test Across Thermal Pain Modalities”. Pain, 154 (3), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.12.001
35. Albaret, M.C, Sastre, M.T.M, Cottencin, A. and Mullet, E. (2004). “The Fear of Pain Questionnaire: Factor Structure in Samples of Young, Middle-Aged and Elderly European people”. European Journal of Pain, 8 (3), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2003.09.005
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40. Büyükanal Şahin, P. ve Rızalar, S. (2018). “Ameliyat Geçiren Hastalarda Konfor Düzeyi ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi”. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi, 5 (3), 404-413. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.395018

Investigation of The Effect of Training Given to Patients with Septorhinoplasty on The Level of Surgical Anxiety, Fear of Pain, Pain and Comfort: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 1711 - 1721, 26.12.2023

Pınar Yılmaz Eker Pervin Köksel

https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271343

Öz

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of preoperative education provided to septorhinoplasty patients on surgical anxiety, fear of pain, pain levels, and comfort. It was a randomized controlled semi-experimental study conducted in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of a university hospital. The study was completed with a total of 150 patients, consisting of 75 in the experimental group and 75 in the control group. Data collection involved the use of four forms: a personal information form, a surgical anxiety scale, a fear of pain scale, and a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to measure pain levels and patient comfort. Patients in the experimental group were provided with verbal education using a prepared educational booklet by the researchers before surgery. No additional interventions beyond routine clinical practices were administered to the control group. Surgical anxiety and fear of pain scales were applied to both experimental and control group patients just before surgery. After surgery, patients' pain and comfort levels were assessed using VAS, both immediately before the first dose of analgesic medication and immediately before the second dose. The surgical anxiety levels and fear of pain scale scores of patients in the experimental group were found to be statistically significantly lower compared to the control group, with pain scores being lower and comfort scores being higher than the control group, which was also statistically significant (p<0.05). Confirmatory factor analysis between the scales revealed a highly significant relationship between surgical anxiety and fear of pain (NNFI=0.98, CFI=0.992, GFI=0.966, AGFI=0.911). In conclusion, providing education to patients undergoing septorhinoplasty can be said to reduce patients' pain, fear of pain, and anxiety, while increasing their comfort levels

Anahtar Kelimeler

Level of pain, . Fear of pain, Surgical anxiety, Comfort, Septorhinoplasty

Kaynakça

1. Celik, F. and Edipoglu, I.S. (2018). “Evaluation of Preoperative Anxiety and Fear of Anesthesia Using APAIS Score”. European Journal of Medical Research, 23 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-018-0339-4
2. Ünver, S. ve Tufan, F.N. (2018). “Ağrı Korkusu Ölçeği-III’ün Türkçe Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması.” Ağrı Dergisi, 30 (1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.5505/agri.2017.62681
3. Pamela, E., Macintyre, P. and Schug, S. (2014) “Acute Pain Managament A Practical Guide”, Fourth Edition, China, eBook ISBN: 978-1-4822-3350-6.
4. Selimen, D. and Andsoy, I.I. (2011). “The Importance of A Holistic Approach During the Perioperative Period”. AORN Journal. 93 (4), 482-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2010.09.029
5. Gürlek, Ö. ve Yavuz, M. (2013). “Cerrahi Kliniklerde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Ameliyat Öncesi Hasta Eğitimi Uygulama Durumları”. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 16, 8-15.
6. Zojaji, R., Sobhani, E, Meshkat, M. and Javanbakht M. (2018). “Quality of Life After Cosmetic Rhinoplasty in Iran: A Systematic Review”. Fundamentals of Mental Health, 20 (5), 320-324.
7. Gerecci, D, Casanueva, F.J, Mace, J.C, Annen, A, Barrett, D.M, Kim, M.M, Wang, T.D, Smith, T.L. and Loyo M. (2019). “Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Score Outcomes After Septorhinoplasty”. Laryngoscope, 129 (4), 841-846. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.27578.
8. Wähmann, M.S, Bulut, O.C, Bran, G.M, Veit, J.A. and Riedel, F. (2018). “Systematic Review of Quality-of-Life Measurement After Aesthetic Rhinoplasty”. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 42, 1635-1647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-018-1199-6
9. Çelik, M. and Altıntaş, A. (2019). “The Turkish Version of The Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation Questionnaire: Validation and Clinical Application”. Balkan Medical Journal, 36 (2), 129.-133. https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2018.2018.1129
10. McNeil, D.W. and Rainwater, A.J. (1998). “Development of The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III”. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21 (4), 389-410. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018782831217
11. Hayes, M.S. and Patterson, D.G. (1921). “Experimental Development of the Graphic Rating Method”. Psychological Bulletin. 18, 98-99.
12. Lee, J.S, Hobden, E, Stıell, G.I. and Wells, A.G. (2003). “Clinically Important Change in the Visual Analog Scale After Adequate Pain Control”. Academıc Emergency 10 (10), 1128-1130. https://doi.org/10.1197/S1069-6563(03)00372-5
13. Myles, P. S, Troedel, S, Boquest, M. and Reeves, M. (1999). “The Pain Visual Analog Scale: Is It Linear or Nonlinear?”. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 89 (6), 1517-1520. https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199912000-00038
14. Bodian, C.A, Freedman, G, Hossain, S, Eisenkraft, J.B. and Beilin, Y. (2001). “The Visual Analog Scale for Pain: Clinical Significance in Postoperative Patients”. The Journal of The American Society of Anesthesiologists, 95 (6), 1356-1361. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200112000-00013
15. Beytut, D, Başbakkal, Z. ve Karapınar, B. (2016). “Sedasyon Tanılama Yöntemi-Konfor Skalasının Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışması”. Ağrı, 28 (2), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.5505/agri.2015.24471
16. Sezen, M. (2019). “Total Kalça Artroplastisi Ameliyatı Öncesi Uygulanan Farklı Eğitim Programlarının Hastaların Anksiyete ve Ağrı Düzeylerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kırklareli.
17. Topan, H, Mucuk, S. ve Yontar, Y. (2022). “The Effect of Patient Education Prior to Rhinoplasty Surgery on Anxiety, Pain, and Satisfaction Levels”. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 37 (3), 374-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.07.001
18. Oppermann, P.O, Rabaioli, L, Feijó, C, Pilati, N.P, Hrisomalos, E.N, Migliavacca, R.O. and Lavinsky-Wolff M. (2022). “Overall Quality of Life Impact on Candidates for Septorhinoplasty According To The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Questionnaire (WHOQOL-Brief)”. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 88 (4), 570-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.07.015
19. Kütük, S.G. ve Arıkan, O.K. (2019). “Evaluation of The Effects of Open and Closed Rhinoplasty on The Psychosocial Stress Level and Quality of Life of Rhinoplasty Patients”. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 72 (8), 1347–1354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2019.03.020
20. Karabey, T. ve Karagözoğlu, Ş. (2021). “Ventrogluteal Bölgeye Yapılan intramusküler Enjeksiyonda Aspirasyon işleminin Enjeksiyona Bağlı Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisi”. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences, 13 (2), 303-309. https://doi.org/10.5336/nurses.2020-77248
21. Burton, D, King, A, Bartley, J, Petrie, K.J. and Broadbent, E. (2019). “The Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ): Development and Validation”. Psychology & Health, 34(2), 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2018.1502770
22. Bölükbaş, N. and Göl, G. (2021). “Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire: Turkish Validity and Reliability”. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2021.1994619
23. Ishii, L.E, Tollefson, T.T, Basura, G.J, Rosenfeld, R.M, Abramson, P.J, Chaiet, S.R, Davis K.S, Doghramji, K, Farrior, E.H, Finestone, S.A, Ishman, S.L, Murphy, R.X, Park, J.G, Setzen, M, Strike, D.J, Walsh, S.A, Warner, J.P. and Nnachetanda, L.C. (2017). “Clinical Practice Guideline: İmproving Nasal Form and Function After Rhinoplasty”. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 156, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599816683153
24. Cingi, C, Songu, M. and Bal, C. (2011). “Outcomes Research in Rhinoplasty: Body Image and Quality of Life”. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 25(4), 263-267. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3649
25. Schumacher, R.E. and Lomax, R.G. (2010). “A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.)”. New York, NY: Routledge.
26. Gatignon, H. and Gatignon, H. (2014). “Confirmatory Factor Analysis”. Statistical Analysis of Management Data, 77-154.
27. Medina-Garzón, M. (2019). “Effectiveness of A Nursing Intervention to Diminish Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Programmed for Knee Replacement Surgery: Preventive Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial”. Investigacion Educacion Enfermeria, 37 (2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iee.v37n2e07
28. Robbins, C.B, Wisely, C.E, Rosdahl, J.A, Muir, K.W. and Gupta, D. (2020). “Impact of Video Education on Patient Knowledge, Anxiety, and Satisfaction in Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: A Pilot Study”. Journal of Glaucoma, 29 (12), 1158-1161. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000001657
29. Toğaç, H. K. and Yılmaz, E. (2021). “Effects of Preoperative İndividualized Audiovisual Education on Anxiety and Comfort in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Randomised Controlled Study”. Patient Education and Counseling, 104 (3), 603-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.08.026
30. Deyirmenjian, M, Karam, N. and Salameh, P. (2006). “Preoperative Patient Education for Open-Heart Patients: A Source of Anxiety?”. Patient Education and Counseling, 62 (1), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2005.06.014
31. Causey Upton, R, Howell, D.M, Kitzman, P.H. and Custer, M.G. (2020). “Preoperative Education for Total Knee Replacement A National Survey of Orthopaedic Nurses”. Orthopaedic Nursing, 39 (1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/NOR.0000000000000623
32. Vaajoki, A, Pietilä, A.M, Kankkunen, P. and Vehviläinen‐Julkunen, K. (2012). “Effects of Listening to Music on Pain Intensity and Pain Distress After Surgery: An Intervention”. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21 (5‐6), 708-717. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03829.x
33. Frot, M, Feine, J.S. and Bushnell, M.C. (2004). “Sex Differences in Pain Perception and Anxiety. A Psychophysical Study with Topical Capsaicin”. Pain, 108 (3), 230-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2003.11.017
34. Thibodeau, M.A, Welch, P.G, Katz, J. and Asmundson, G.J. (2013). “Pain-related Anxiety Influences Pain Perception Differently In Men and Women: A Quantitative Sensory Test Across Thermal Pain Modalities”. Pain, 154 (3), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.12.001
35. Albaret, M.C, Sastre, M.T.M, Cottencin, A. and Mullet, E. (2004). “The Fear of Pain Questionnaire: Factor Structure in Samples of Young, Middle-Aged and Elderly European people”. European Journal of Pain, 8 (3), 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2003.09.005
36. Roelofs, J, Peters, M.L, Deutz, J, Spijker, C. and Vlaeyen, J. W. (2005). “The Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ): Further Psychometric Examination in A Non-Clinical Sample”. Pain, 116 (3), 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2005.05.003
37. Vambheim, S.M. and Øien, R.A. (2017). “Sex Differences in Fear of Pain: Item-Level Analysis of The Fear of Pain Questionnaire III”. Journal of Pain Research, 10, 825-831.
38. Üstündağ, H. ve Aslan F.E. (2010). “Perianestezi Konfor Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlaması”. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal Nursing Science, 2(2), 94-9.
39. Findik, U.Y, Topcu, S.Y. and Vatansever, Ö. (2013). “Effects of Drains on Pain, Comfort and Anxiety in Patients Undergone Surgery”. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 6 (3), 412-419.
40. Büyükanal Şahin, P. ve Rızalar, S. (2018). “Ameliyat Geçiren Hastalarda Konfor Düzeyi ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi”. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi, 5 (3), 404-413. https://doi.org/10.17681/hsp.395018

Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Pınar Yılmaz Eker 0000-0002-4696-8776 Pervin Köksel 0000-0001-9451-9978
Yayımlanma Tarihi	26 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA	Yılmaz Eker, P., & Köksel, P. (2023). Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(4), 1711-1721. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271343
AMA	Yılmaz Eker P, Köksel P. Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. Aralık 2023;12(4):1711-1721. doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1271343
Chicago	Yılmaz Eker, Pınar, ve Pervin Köksel. “Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı Ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12, sy. 4 (Aralık 2023): 1711-21. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271343.
EndNote	Yılmaz Eker P, Köksel P (01 Aralık 2023) Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12 4 1711–1721.
IEEE	P. Yılmaz Eker ve P. Köksel, “Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 4, ss. 1711–1721, 2023, doi: 10.37989/gumussagbil.1271343.
ISNAD	Yılmaz Eker, Pınar - Köksel, Pervin. “Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı Ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 12/4 (Aralık 2023), 1711-1721. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1271343.
JAMA	Yılmaz Eker P, Köksel P. Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12:1711–1721.
MLA	Yılmaz Eker, Pınar ve Pervin Köksel. “Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı Ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma”. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 12, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 1711-2, doi:10.37989/gumussagbil.1271343.
Vancouver	Yılmaz Eker P, Köksel P. Septorinoplasti Olacak Hastalara Verilen Eğitimin Cerrahi Anksiyete, Ağrı Korkusu, Ağrı ve Konfor Düzeyi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;12(4):1711-2.

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