Öz
Bisfenol A (BPA), gıda kaplarında, diş macunlarında, tıbbi ekipmanlarda, mutfak eşyalarında, su borularında ve elektronik aletlerde yaygın olarak kullanılan endokrin bozucu kimyasal bir maddedir. BPA
insanlara ve diğer canlılara kontamine gıda ve içeceklerle bulaşmaktadır. Çevresel kirleticilerin çoğunda olduğu gibi BPA kontaminasyonu en fazla göl, nehir ve denizlerde meydana gelmektedir. Bu ortamlardaki BPA miktarını tespit etmek için biyoindikatör olarak deniz canlıları kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İskenderun Körfezi’nden yakalanan ahtapotlarda BPA kirlilik seviyesini belirlemek ve tüketen insanlar için risk düzeyini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Hatay ili İskenderun Körfezi’nden elde edilen
40 adet ahtapot numunesinin kas ve deri dokularında Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografi (HPLC) ile BPA miktarı ölçüldü. Tüm ahtapot numunelerinde BPA düzeyi 0.349-80.313 ng/g aralığında bulunmuştur.
Ahtapot numunelerinde tespit edilen bu BPA düzeyleri İskenderun Körfezinden çalışılan balık örneklerinden daha yüksek seviyede olmakla birlikte Türk Gıda Kodeksinde BPA için belirlenen spesifik migrasyon limitinin altında olduğu bulunmuştur. BPA düzeylerinin sucul ortamdaki canlılarda belirli aralıklarla izlenmesi hem çevre hem de halk sağlığı açısından önemlidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi BAP tarafından finanse edilmiştir.
Proje Numarası
Proje No: 20.YL.013
Teşekkür
Bu çalışmada finansal desteklerini veren Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi BAP koordinatörlüğü’ne teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.
Kaynakça
- Akhbarizadeh R, Moore F, Monteiro C, Fernandes, JO, Cunha SC, 2020: Trophic transfer, and health risk assessment of bisphenol analogues in seafood from the persian gulf. Mar Pollut Bull, 154,111036.
- Azzouz A, Colón LP, Souhail B, Ballesteros E, 2019: A multi-residue method for gc-ms determination of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish and seafood from european and north african markets. Environ Res, 178, 108727.
- Barboza LGA, Cunha SC, Monteiro C, Fernandes JO, Guilhermino L, 2020: Bisphenol A and its analogs in muscle and liver of fish from the NorthEast Atlantic Ocean in relation to microplastic contamination. Exposure and risk to human consumers. J Hazard Mater, 393, 122419.
- Belfroid A, Van VM, Van DHB, Vethaak D, 2002: Occurrence of bisphenol a in surface water and uptake in fish: evaluation of field measurements. Chemosphere, 49, 97-103.
- Calafat AM, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA, Caudill SP, Ekong J, 2005: Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol in a human reference population. Environ Health Perspect, 113, 391-395.
- Cerkvenik-Flajs V, Fonda I, Gombač M, 2018: Analysis and occurrence of bisphenol a in mediterranean mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) sampled from the slovenian coastal waters of the north adriatic sea. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 101, 439-445.
- Chen WL, Gwo JC, Wang GS, Chen CY, 2014: Distribution of feminizing compounds in the aquatic environment and bioaccumulation in wild tilapia tissues. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 21, 11349- 11360.
- Cuomo D, Porreca I, Cobellis G, Tarallo R, Nassa G, 2017: Carcinogenic risk and bisphenol a exposure: a focus on molecular aspects in endoderm derived glands. Mol Cell Toxicol, 457, 20-34.
- EFSA. Draft Scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol a (bpa) in foodstuffs. erişim: www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/con sultation/130725.pdf. Erişim tarihi; 10.03.2021.
- Fürhacker M, Scharf S, Weber, H. 2000: Bisphenol A: emissions from point sources. Chemosphere, 41,751-756.
- Gatidou G, Vassalou E, Thomaidis NS, 2010: Bioconcentration of selected endocrine disrupting compounds in the mediterranean mussel, mytilus galloprovincialis. Mar Pollut Bull, 60, 2111-2116.
- Günay Y, 2020: İskenderun körfezi balıklarında bisfenol a (bpa) düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, HMKÜ, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hatay.
- Ismail NAH, Wee SY, Aris AZ, 2018: Bisphenol A and alkylphenols concentrations in selected mariculture fish species from pulau kukup, johor, Malaysia. Mar Pollut Bull, 127, 536-540.
- Kang JH, Kondo F, 2003: Determination of bisphenol a in milk and dairy products by highperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Food Prot, 66, 1439-1443.
- Kang JH, Kondo F, Katayama Y, 2006: Human exposure to bisphenol A. Toxicology, 226, 79-89.
- Körner W, Bolz U, Süssmuth W, Hiller G, Schuller W. 2000: Input/output balance of estrogenic active compounds in a major municipal sewage plant in Germany. Chemosphere, 40, 1131-1142.
- Michałowicz J, 2014: Bisphenol A–sources, toxicity and biotransformation. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 37, 738-758.
- Mita L, Bianco M, Viggiano E, Zollo F, Bencivenga U, 2011: Bisphenol A content in fish caught in two different sites of the tyrrhenian sea (Italy). Chemosphere, 82, 405-410.
- Oliveira H, Muniz JA, Bandarra NM, Castanheira I, Coelho IR, Delgado I, Gonçalves S, Lourenço HM, Motta C, Duarte MP, Nunes ML, Gonçalves A, 2019: Effects of industrial boiling on the nutritional profile of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Foods, 8, 411.
- Peng X, Wang Z, Mai, B, Chen F, Chen S, 2007: Temporal trends of nonylphenol and bisphenol a contamination in the pearl river estuary and the adjacent south china sea recorded by dated sedimentary cores. Sci Total Environ, 384, 393-400.
- Santhi VA, Hairin T, Mustafa AM, 2012: Simultaneous determination of organochlorine pesticides and bisphenol a in edible marine biota by GC-MS. Chemosphere, 86, 1066-1071.
- Sinanoglu VJ, Meimaroglu SM, 1998: Fatty acid of neutral and polar lipids of (edible) mediterranean cephalopods. Food Res Inter, 31, 467-473.
- Staples CA, Dorn PB, Klecka GM, O'Block ST, Harris LR, 1998: A review of the environmental fate, effects, and exposures of bisphenol A. Chemosphere, 36, 2149-2173.
- TGK, 2013: 17/7/2013 tarihli ve 28710 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda ile Temas Eden Plastik Madde ve Malzemelerin Bileşenlerinin Migrasyon Testinde Kullanılan Gıda Benzerleri Listesi Tebliği.
- Wei X, Huang Y, Wong MH, Giesy JP, Wong C, 2011. Assessment of risk to humans of bisphenol a in marine and freshwater fish from pearl river delta, china. Chemosphere, 85, 122-128.
- Zlatanos S, Sagredos AN 1993: The fatty acids composition of some important mediterranean fish species. Fett/Lipid, 95, 66–69.
Öz
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical commonly used in food containers, toothpaste, medical equipment, kitchenware, water pipes, and electronic appliances. BPA is transmitted to humans and other living things through contaminated food and drink. As with most environmental pollutants, BPA contamination occurs mainly in lakes, rivers, and seas. Sea creatures are used as bioindicators to determine the amount of BPA in these environments. This study aimed to assess the level of BPA
pollution in octopuses caught from Iskenderun Bay and to reveal the risk level for people consuming it. In this context, the amount of BPA was measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in the muscle and skin tissues of 40 octopus samples obtained from the Iskenderun Bay of Hatay province. BPA level was found in the 0.349-80.313 ng/g range in all octopus samples. These BPA levels detected in the octopus samples were higher than the fish samples studied from Iskenderun Bay. However they were below the specific migration limit determined for BPA in the Turkish Food Codex. Regular monitoring of aquatic organisms' BPA levels is vital for the environment and public health.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
Proje No: 20.YL.013
Kaynakça
- Akhbarizadeh R, Moore F, Monteiro C, Fernandes, JO, Cunha SC, 2020: Trophic transfer, and health risk assessment of bisphenol analogues in seafood from the persian gulf. Mar Pollut Bull, 154,111036.
- Azzouz A, Colón LP, Souhail B, Ballesteros E, 2019: A multi-residue method for gc-ms determination of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish and seafood from european and north african markets. Environ Res, 178, 108727.
- Barboza LGA, Cunha SC, Monteiro C, Fernandes JO, Guilhermino L, 2020: Bisphenol A and its analogs in muscle and liver of fish from the NorthEast Atlantic Ocean in relation to microplastic contamination. Exposure and risk to human consumers. J Hazard Mater, 393, 122419.
- Belfroid A, Van VM, Van DHB, Vethaak D, 2002: Occurrence of bisphenol a in surface water and uptake in fish: evaluation of field measurements. Chemosphere, 49, 97-103.
- Calafat AM, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA, Caudill SP, Ekong J, 2005: Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol in a human reference population. Environ Health Perspect, 113, 391-395.
- Cerkvenik-Flajs V, Fonda I, Gombač M, 2018: Analysis and occurrence of bisphenol a in mediterranean mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) sampled from the slovenian coastal waters of the north adriatic sea. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 101, 439-445.
- Chen WL, Gwo JC, Wang GS, Chen CY, 2014: Distribution of feminizing compounds in the aquatic environment and bioaccumulation in wild tilapia tissues. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 21, 11349- 11360.
- Cuomo D, Porreca I, Cobellis G, Tarallo R, Nassa G, 2017: Carcinogenic risk and bisphenol a exposure: a focus on molecular aspects in endoderm derived glands. Mol Cell Toxicol, 457, 20-34.
- EFSA. Draft Scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol a (bpa) in foodstuffs. erişim: www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/con sultation/130725.pdf. Erişim tarihi; 10.03.2021.
- Fürhacker M, Scharf S, Weber, H. 2000: Bisphenol A: emissions from point sources. Chemosphere, 41,751-756.
- Gatidou G, Vassalou E, Thomaidis NS, 2010: Bioconcentration of selected endocrine disrupting compounds in the mediterranean mussel, mytilus galloprovincialis. Mar Pollut Bull, 60, 2111-2116.
- Günay Y, 2020: İskenderun körfezi balıklarında bisfenol a (bpa) düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, HMKÜ, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hatay.
- Ismail NAH, Wee SY, Aris AZ, 2018: Bisphenol A and alkylphenols concentrations in selected mariculture fish species from pulau kukup, johor, Malaysia. Mar Pollut Bull, 127, 536-540.
- Kang JH, Kondo F, 2003: Determination of bisphenol a in milk and dairy products by highperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Food Prot, 66, 1439-1443.
- Kang JH, Kondo F, Katayama Y, 2006: Human exposure to bisphenol A. Toxicology, 226, 79-89.
- Körner W, Bolz U, Süssmuth W, Hiller G, Schuller W. 2000: Input/output balance of estrogenic active compounds in a major municipal sewage plant in Germany. Chemosphere, 40, 1131-1142.
- Michałowicz J, 2014: Bisphenol A–sources, toxicity and biotransformation. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 37, 738-758.
- Mita L, Bianco M, Viggiano E, Zollo F, Bencivenga U, 2011: Bisphenol A content in fish caught in two different sites of the tyrrhenian sea (Italy). Chemosphere, 82, 405-410.
- Oliveira H, Muniz JA, Bandarra NM, Castanheira I, Coelho IR, Delgado I, Gonçalves S, Lourenço HM, Motta C, Duarte MP, Nunes ML, Gonçalves A, 2019: Effects of industrial boiling on the nutritional profile of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Foods, 8, 411.
- Peng X, Wang Z, Mai, B, Chen F, Chen S, 2007: Temporal trends of nonylphenol and bisphenol a contamination in the pearl river estuary and the adjacent south china sea recorded by dated sedimentary cores. Sci Total Environ, 384, 393-400.
- Santhi VA, Hairin T, Mustafa AM, 2012: Simultaneous determination of organochlorine pesticides and bisphenol a in edible marine biota by GC-MS. Chemosphere, 86, 1066-1071.
- Sinanoglu VJ, Meimaroglu SM, 1998: Fatty acid of neutral and polar lipids of (edible) mediterranean cephalopods. Food Res Inter, 31, 467-473.
- Staples CA, Dorn PB, Klecka GM, O'Block ST, Harris LR, 1998: A review of the environmental fate, effects, and exposures of bisphenol A. Chemosphere, 36, 2149-2173.
- TGK, 2013: 17/7/2013 tarihli ve 28710 sayılı Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda ile Temas Eden Plastik Madde ve Malzemelerin Bileşenlerinin Migrasyon Testinde Kullanılan Gıda Benzerleri Listesi Tebliği.
- Wei X, Huang Y, Wong MH, Giesy JP, Wong C, 2011. Assessment of risk to humans of bisphenol a in marine and freshwater fish from pearl river delta, china. Chemosphere, 85, 122-128.
- Zlatanos S, Sagredos AN 1993: The fatty acids composition of some important mediterranean fish species. Fett/Lipid, 95, 66–69.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi, Veteriner Farmakoloji |
| Bölüm | Araştıma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | Proje No: 20.YL.013 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 22 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 22 Haziran 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 8 Nisan 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 14 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 |
