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Investigation of The Physical Activity and Obesity Levels of Primary School Children: Case of Kayseri Province

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 228 - 238, 25.12.2021

Meltem Yazıcı-gülay Zübeyde Korkmaz Zeliha Kaya Erten Kaan Gürbüz

Öz

Purpose: To investigate the physical activity and obesity levels in primary school students.
Method: This study was conducted on 529 students aged 8-10 years. The height and weight values of the children were measured and their body mass indexes were calculated. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) levels were evaluated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA tests. Statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05.
Results: It was found that 25.1% of the girls and 23.1% of the boys were overweight and obese. Physical activity scores of boys were higher than girls (p<0.05). There was no difference between the mean physical activity scores of girls and boys in the 10-year-old group (p>0.05). It was observed that girls and boys at the age of 10 were more physically active than those in the 8 and 9 age groups (p>0.05). While there was no significant difference between physical activity levels according to obesity classification (p>0.05), it was observed that those who were obese had the lowest physical activity scores.
Conclusion and Suggestions: It was determined that about a quarter of the children participating in the study were overweight/obese and had moderate physical activity. It is recommended to organize training programs on proper nutrition habits and the importance of physical activity for both parents and children to combat obesity and increase physical activity levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Obesity Physical Activity Primary Schools.

Kaynakça

  • America, S., Couturier, L., Chepko, S. & Holt, S. A. (2014). National standards & grade-level outcomes for K-12 physical education. Human Kinetics. https://bukg.pw/17-44-53.pdf
  • Babaoğlu, K. & Hatun, Ş. (2002). Çocukluk çağında obezite. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 11(1), 8–10. https://www.ttb.org.tr/sted/sted0102/obezite.pdf
  • Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., BIlano, V. & Boddy, L. M. (2017). Worldwide trends in children’s and adolescents’ body mass index, underweight and obesity, in comparison with adults, from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2,416 population-based measurement studies with 128.9 million participants. Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3
  • Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J. P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., Dipietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  • Cooper, A. R., Goodman, A., Page, A. S., Sherar, L. B., Esliger, D. W., van Sluijs, E. M. F., Andersen, L. B., Anderssen, S., Cardon, G. & Davey, R. (2015). Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD). International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0274-5
  • Di Cesare, M., Sorić, M., Bovet, P., Miranda, J. J., Bhutta, Z., Stevens, G. A., Laxmaiah, A., Kengne, A.-P. & Bentham, J. (2019). The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1449-8
  • Digital, N. (2018). National Child Measurement Programme, England 2017–2018 school year. UK. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/national-child-measurement-programme/2017-18-school-year
  • Diseth, Å. & Samdal, O. (2014). Autonomy support and achievement goals as predictors of perceived school performance and life satisfaction in the transition between lower and upper secondary school. Social Psychology of Education, 17(2), 269–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-013-9244-4
  • Donnelly, J. E., Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D., Etnier, J. L., Lee, S., Tomporowski, P., Lamboume, K., Szabo-Reed, A. N., Donnelly, J. E. & Lambourne, K. . Physical activity, cognitive function and academic achievement in children: A systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 48(6):1197-222. https://doi.org/ 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000901.
  • Ekelund, U., Sepp, H., Brage, S., Becker, W., Jakes, R., Hennings, M. & Wareham, N. J. (2006). Criterion-related validity of the last 7-day, short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in Swedish adults. Public Health Nutrition, 9(2), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2005840
  • Farooq, M. A., Parkinson, K. N., Adamson, A. J., Pearce, M. S., Reilly, J. K., Hughes, A. R., Janssen, X., Basterfield, L. & Reilly, J. J. (2018). Timing of the decline in physical activity in childhood and adolescence: Gateshead Millennium Cohort Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(15), 1002–1006. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096933.
  • Grao Cruces, A., Nuviala Nuviala, A., Fernández Martínez, A. & Pérez Turpin, J. A. (2014). Association of physical self-concept with physical activity, life satisfaction and Mediterranean diet in adolescents. Kinesiology, 46(1), 3–11. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-28840-001
  • Haerens, L., Deforche, B., Maes, L., Cardon, G. & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2007). Physical activity and endurance in normal weight versus overweight boys and girls. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47(3), 344. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17641603/
  • Hagenauer, G., Gläser-Zikuda, M. & Moschner, B. (2018). University students’ emotions, life-satisfaction and study commitment: A self-determination theoretical perspective. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42(6), 808–826. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1323189
  • Hills, A. P., King, N. A. & Armstrong, T. P. (2007). The contribution of physical activity and sedentary behaviours to the growth and development of children and adolescents. Sports Medicine, 37(6), 533–545. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737060-00006.
  • Jago, R., Salway, R., Emm-Collison, L., Sebire, S. J., Thompson, J. L. & Lawlor, D. A. (2020). Association of BMI category with change in children’s physical activity between ages 6 and 11 years: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Obesity, 44(1), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0459-0
  • Kowalski, K., Crocker, P. & Donen, R. (2004). The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) Manual Examining the Physical Self in Adolescent Girls Over Time: Further Evidence Against the Hierarchical Model. August. https://www.prismsports.org/UserFiles/file/PAQ_manual_ScoringandPDF.pdf
  • McLure, S. A., Summerbell, C. D. & Reilly, J. J. (2009). Objectively measured habitual physical activity in a highly obesogenic environment. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(3), 369–375. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00946.x.
  • Nader, P. R., Bradley, R. H., Houts, R. M., McRitchie, S. L. & O’Brien, M. (2008). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 9 to 15 years. Jama, 300(3), 295–305. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.3.295.
  • Neyzi, O., Günöz, H., Furman, A., Bundak, R., Gökçay, G., Darendeliler, F. & Baş, F. (2008). Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı , boy uzunluğu , baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. 1–14. https://www.cshd.org.tr/uploads/pdf_CSH_279.pdf
  • Pate, R. R., Long, B. J. & Heath, G. (1994). Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 6(4), 434–447. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.4.434
  • Podnar, H., Jurić, P., Karuc, J., Saez, M., Barceló, M. A., Radman, I., Starc, G., Jurak, G., Đurić, S., Potočnik, Ž. L. & Sorić, M. (2021). Comparative effectiveness of school-based interventions targeting physical activity, physical fitness or sedentary behaviour on obesity prevention in 6- to 12-year-old children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 22(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13160
  • Raboteg-Saric, Z. & Sakic, M. (2014). Relations of parenting styles and friendship quality to self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness in adolescents. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(3), 749–765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-013-9268-0
  • Riddoch, C.J. (1998). Relationships between physical activity and physical health in young people. Young and Active, 17–48. https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/relationships-between-physical-activity-and-physical-health-in-ch
  • Sallis, J. F., Prochaska, J. J. & Taylor, W. C. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), 963–975. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200005000-00014.
  • Samaha, M. & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045
  • Schmutz, E. A., Haile, S. R., Leeger-Aschmann, C. S., Kakebeeke, T. H., Zysset, A. E., Messerli-Bürgy, N., Stülb, K., Arhab, A., Meyer, A. H. & Munsch, S. (2018). Physical activity and sedentary behavior in preschoolers: a longitudinal assessment of trajectories and determinants. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12966-018-0670-8.
  • Sert Emlek Z., Temel Bayık . A. (2014). İlköğretim Öğrencileri İçin Fiziksel Aktivite Soru Formunun Türk Toplumuna Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik Ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Deuhyo Ed, 7(2), 109–114. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuhfed/issue/46808/586996
  • Strong, A. L., Cederna, P. S., Rubin, J. P., Coleman, S. R. & Levi, B. (2015). The current state of fat grafting: a review of harvesting, processing, and injection techniques. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 136(4), 897. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001590
  • Tanaka, C., Janssen, X., Pearce, M., Parkinson, K., Basterfield, L., Adamson, A. & Reilly, J. J. (2018). Bidirectional associations between adiposity, sedentary behavior, and physical activity: a longitudinal study in children. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 15(12), 918–926. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0011.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı, HHalk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Çocuk Beden Kitle İndeksi Hesaplama. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/beslenmehareket-hesaplamalar/beslenmehareket-cocuk-beden-kitle-indeksi.html
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019). Yeti̇şki̇n ve çocukluk çaği obezi̇tesi̇ni̇n önlenmesi̇ ve fi̇zi̇ksel akti̇vi̇te eylem plani 2019 – 2023. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/programlar/Eylem_Plani_2019_01_12_2020.pdf
  • Trudeau, F. & Shephard, R. J. (2008). Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-10.
  • Van Leeuwen, J., Koes, B. W., Paulis, W. D., Bindels, P. J. E. & Van Middelkoop, M. (2020). No differences in physical activity between children with overweight and children of normal-weight. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02327-y
  • van Sluijs, E. M. F., Skidmore, P. M. L., Mwanza, K., Jones, A. P., Callaghan, A. M., Ekelund, U., Harrison, F., Harvey, I., Panter, J. & Wareham, N. J. (2008). Physical activity and dietary behaviour in a population-based sample of British 10-year old children: the SPEEDY study (Sport, Physical activity and Eating behaviour: environmental Determinants in Young people). BMC Public Health, 8(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-388.
  • Veldman, S. L. C., Chin A Paw, M. J. M. & Altenburg, T. M. (2021). Physical activity and prospective associations with indicators of health and development in children aged <5 years: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01072-w
  • World Health Organization. (2014). Global Status Report On Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148114/9789241564854_eng.pdf;jsessionid=8D4CACE1775D70703F1901C0D8F6E62A?sequence=1

Çocukların Fiziksel Aktivite, Obezite Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Kayseri İli Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 228 - 238, 25.12.2021

Meltem Yazıcı-gülay Zübeyde Korkmaz Zeliha Kaya Erten Kaan Gürbüz

Öz

Amaç: İlkokul öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite ve obezite düzeylerini araştırmaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışma 8-10 yaş arasındaki 529 öğrencinin katılımıyla tamamlandı. Çocukların boy ve kilo değerleri ölçüldü ve beden kütle indeksleri hesaplandı. Fiziksel Aktivite Soru Formu kullanılarak fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler, student-t testi ve ANOVA testleri kullanılarak istatistik analizler yapıldı.
Bulgular: Kızların %25.1’inin, erkeklerin %23.1’inin fazla kilolu ve obez olduğu bulundu. Genel olarak erkeklerin kızlara göre fiziksel aktivite puanları daha yüksekti (p<0,05). 10 yaş grubunda kız ve erkeklerin fiziksel aktivite puan ortalamaları arasında fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). 10 yaş grubundaki kız ve erkek çocukların 8 ve 9 yaş grubundakilerden fiziksel olarak daha aktif oldukları görüldü (p>0.05). Obezite sınıflandırmasına göre fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmazken (p>0.05), obez düzeyde olan kız ve erkeklerin en düşük fiziksel aktivite puanına sahip olduğu görüldü.
Sonuç ve Öneriler: Çalışmaya katılan çocukların yaklaşık dörtte birinin fazla kilolu/obez ve orta düzeyde fiziksel aktiviteye sahip oldukları belirlendi Obezite ile mücadele ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin artırılmasına yönelik hem ebeveyn hem de çocuklara doğru beslenme alışkanlıkları ve fiziksel aktivitenin önemi konularında eğitim programlarının düzenlenmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Obezite Fiziksel Aktivite İlköğretim.

Kaynakça

  • America, S., Couturier, L., Chepko, S. & Holt, S. A. (2014). National standards & grade-level outcomes for K-12 physical education. Human Kinetics. https://bukg.pw/17-44-53.pdf
  • Babaoğlu, K. & Hatun, Ş. (2002). Çocukluk çağında obezite. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 11(1), 8–10. https://www.ttb.org.tr/sted/sted0102/obezite.pdf
  • Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., BIlano, V. & Boddy, L. M. (2017). Worldwide trends in children’s and adolescents’ body mass index, underweight and obesity, in comparison with adults, from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2,416 population-based measurement studies with 128.9 million participants. Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3
  • Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J. P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., Dipietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  • Cooper, A. R., Goodman, A., Page, A. S., Sherar, L. B., Esliger, D. W., van Sluijs, E. M. F., Andersen, L. B., Anderssen, S., Cardon, G. & Davey, R. (2015). Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children’s accelerometry database (ICAD). International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0274-5
  • Di Cesare, M., Sorić, M., Bovet, P., Miranda, J. J., Bhutta, Z., Stevens, G. A., Laxmaiah, A., Kengne, A.-P. & Bentham, J. (2019). The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1449-8
  • Digital, N. (2018). National Child Measurement Programme, England 2017–2018 school year. UK. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/national-child-measurement-programme/2017-18-school-year
  • Diseth, Å. & Samdal, O. (2014). Autonomy support and achievement goals as predictors of perceived school performance and life satisfaction in the transition between lower and upper secondary school. Social Psychology of Education, 17(2), 269–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-013-9244-4
  • Donnelly, J. E., Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D., Etnier, J. L., Lee, S., Tomporowski, P., Lamboume, K., Szabo-Reed, A. N., Donnelly, J. E. & Lambourne, K. . Physical activity, cognitive function and academic achievement in children: A systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 48(6):1197-222. https://doi.org/ 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000901.
  • Ekelund, U., Sepp, H., Brage, S., Becker, W., Jakes, R., Hennings, M. & Wareham, N. J. (2006). Criterion-related validity of the last 7-day, short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in Swedish adults. Public Health Nutrition, 9(2), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2005840
  • Farooq, M. A., Parkinson, K. N., Adamson, A. J., Pearce, M. S., Reilly, J. K., Hughes, A. R., Janssen, X., Basterfield, L. & Reilly, J. J. (2018). Timing of the decline in physical activity in childhood and adolescence: Gateshead Millennium Cohort Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(15), 1002–1006. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096933.
  • Grao Cruces, A., Nuviala Nuviala, A., Fernández Martínez, A. & Pérez Turpin, J. A. (2014). Association of physical self-concept with physical activity, life satisfaction and Mediterranean diet in adolescents. Kinesiology, 46(1), 3–11. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-28840-001
  • Haerens, L., Deforche, B., Maes, L., Cardon, G. & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2007). Physical activity and endurance in normal weight versus overweight boys and girls. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 47(3), 344. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17641603/
  • Hagenauer, G., Gläser-Zikuda, M. & Moschner, B. (2018). University students’ emotions, life-satisfaction and study commitment: A self-determination theoretical perspective. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42(6), 808–826. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1323189
  • Hills, A. P., King, N. A. & Armstrong, T. P. (2007). The contribution of physical activity and sedentary behaviours to the growth and development of children and adolescents. Sports Medicine, 37(6), 533–545. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200737060-00006.
  • Jago, R., Salway, R., Emm-Collison, L., Sebire, S. J., Thompson, J. L. & Lawlor, D. A. (2020). Association of BMI category with change in children’s physical activity between ages 6 and 11 years: a longitudinal study. International Journal of Obesity, 44(1), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0459-0
  • Kowalski, K., Crocker, P. & Donen, R. (2004). The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) Manual Examining the Physical Self in Adolescent Girls Over Time: Further Evidence Against the Hierarchical Model. August. https://www.prismsports.org/UserFiles/file/PAQ_manual_ScoringandPDF.pdf
  • McLure, S. A., Summerbell, C. D. & Reilly, J. J. (2009). Objectively measured habitual physical activity in a highly obesogenic environment. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(3), 369–375. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00946.x.
  • Nader, P. R., Bradley, R. H., Houts, R. M., McRitchie, S. L. & O’Brien, M. (2008). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 9 to 15 years. Jama, 300(3), 295–305. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.3.295.
  • Neyzi, O., Günöz, H., Furman, A., Bundak, R., Gökçay, G., Darendeliler, F. & Baş, F. (2008). Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı , boy uzunluğu , baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. 1–14. https://www.cshd.org.tr/uploads/pdf_CSH_279.pdf
  • Pate, R. R., Long, B. J. & Heath, G. (1994). Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 6(4), 434–447. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.4.434
  • Podnar, H., Jurić, P., Karuc, J., Saez, M., Barceló, M. A., Radman, I., Starc, G., Jurak, G., Đurić, S., Potočnik, Ž. L. & Sorić, M. (2021). Comparative effectiveness of school-based interventions targeting physical activity, physical fitness or sedentary behaviour on obesity prevention in 6- to 12-year-old children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 22(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13160
  • Raboteg-Saric, Z. & Sakic, M. (2014). Relations of parenting styles and friendship quality to self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness in adolescents. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(3), 749–765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-013-9268-0
  • Riddoch, C.J. (1998). Relationships between physical activity and physical health in young people. Young and Active, 17–48. https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/relationships-between-physical-activity-and-physical-health-in-ch
  • Sallis, J. F., Prochaska, J. J. & Taylor, W. C. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(5), 963–975. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200005000-00014.
  • Samaha, M. & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045
  • Schmutz, E. A., Haile, S. R., Leeger-Aschmann, C. S., Kakebeeke, T. H., Zysset, A. E., Messerli-Bürgy, N., Stülb, K., Arhab, A., Meyer, A. H. & Munsch, S. (2018). Physical activity and sedentary behavior in preschoolers: a longitudinal assessment of trajectories and determinants. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s12966-018-0670-8.
  • Sert Emlek Z., Temel Bayık . A. (2014). İlköğretim Öğrencileri İçin Fiziksel Aktivite Soru Formunun Türk Toplumuna Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik Ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. Deuhyo Ed, 7(2), 109–114. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuhfed/issue/46808/586996
  • Strong, A. L., Cederna, P. S., Rubin, J. P., Coleman, S. R. & Levi, B. (2015). The current state of fat grafting: a review of harvesting, processing, and injection techniques. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 136(4), 897. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001590
  • Tanaka, C., Janssen, X., Pearce, M., Parkinson, K., Basterfield, L., Adamson, A. & Reilly, J. J. (2018). Bidirectional associations between adiposity, sedentary behavior, and physical activity: a longitudinal study in children. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 15(12), 918–926. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0011.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı, HHalk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Çocuk Beden Kitle İndeksi Hesaplama. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/beslenmehareket-hesaplamalar/beslenmehareket-cocuk-beden-kitle-indeksi.html
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. (2019). Yeti̇şki̇n ve çocukluk çaği obezi̇tesi̇ni̇n önlenmesi̇ ve fi̇zi̇ksel akti̇vi̇te eylem plani 2019 – 2023. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/programlar/Eylem_Plani_2019_01_12_2020.pdf
  • Trudeau, F. & Shephard, R. J. (2008). Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-10.
  • Van Leeuwen, J., Koes, B. W., Paulis, W. D., Bindels, P. J. E. & Van Middelkoop, M. (2020). No differences in physical activity between children with overweight and children of normal-weight. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02327-y
  • van Sluijs, E. M. F., Skidmore, P. M. L., Mwanza, K., Jones, A. P., Callaghan, A. M., Ekelund, U., Harrison, F., Harvey, I., Panter, J. & Wareham, N. J. (2008). Physical activity and dietary behaviour in a population-based sample of British 10-year old children: the SPEEDY study (Sport, Physical activity and Eating behaviour: environmental Determinants in Young people). BMC Public Health, 8(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-388.
  • Veldman, S. L. C., Chin A Paw, M. J. M. & Altenburg, T. M. (2021). Physical activity and prospective associations with indicators of health and development in children aged <5 years: a systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01072-w
  • World Health Organization. (2014). Global Status Report On Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148114/9789241564854_eng.pdf;jsessionid=8D4CACE1775D70703F1901C0D8F6E62A?sequence=1
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Meltem Yazıcı-gülay 0000-0003-1616-8070

Zübeyde Korkmaz 0000-0002-5516-4032

Zeliha Kaya Erten 0000-0003-1229-7350

Kaan Gürbüz 0000-0002-0144-5517

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Temmuz 2021
Kabul Tarihi 7 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yazıcı-gülay, M., Korkmaz, Z., Kaya Erten, Z., Gürbüz, K. (2021). Çocukların Fiziksel Aktivite, Obezite Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Kayseri İli Örneği. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 228-238.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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