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Kapalı ortam hava kirliliği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 12, 877 - 881, 03.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.590825

Öz

Temiz hava hayatın temel şartlarından biridir. Her yıl kapalı ortam hava kirlilği nedeniyle 4.3 milyon insan yaşamını kaybetmektedir. Bu ölümlerin, çoğu inme (%34), iskemik kalp hastalığı (%26) ve kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (%22) kaynaklıdır. Başlıca kapalı ortam hava kirleticileri partiküler madde, karbonmonoksit, tütün dumanı, formaldehit ve uçucu organik bileşikler, nitrojen dioksit,assbest, radon, biyolojik kirleticiler (mikroorganizmalar ve allerjenler) olarak sıralanabilir. Kapalı ortam hava kirliliğinin engellenmesi ve temiz enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması, özellikle anne-çocuk sağlığı olmak üzere sağlığı iyileştirmek, yoksulluğu azaltmak ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması için bir fırsat olarak değerlendirilmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Indoor air pollution. 14.01.2018]; Available from: https://www.who.int/features/qa/indoor-air-pollution/en/.
  • 2. Myers I, Maynard RL. Polluted air—outdoors and indoors. Occup Med (Lond). 2005;55(6):432-8.
  • 3. McKenzie JF, Pinger RR, Kotecki JE. An introduction to community health. London: Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2011.
  • 4. Kurmi OP, Semple S, Steiner M, Henderson GD, Ayres JG. Particulate matter exposure during domestic work in Nepal. Annals of occupational hygiene. 2008;52(6):509-17.
  • 5. Cooke TF. Indoor Air Pollutants: A Literature Review. Reviews on Environmental Health. 1991;9(3):137-60.
  • 6. Kırımhan S, Boyabat N. Erzurum’da hava kirliliği-Son rapor. Atatürk Üniversitesi Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu–5, Erzurum, 1983;12:6-8.
  • 7. Spellman FR. The science of air: concepts and applications. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 2016:300.
  • 8. Maroni M, Seifert B, Lindvall T. Indoor air quality: a comprehensive reference book. Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1995.
  • 9. Wang LK, Pereira NC; Hung YT. Advanced air and noise pollution control; Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press; 2005.
  • 10. Chang CC, Ruhl RA, Halpern GM, Gershwin ME. The sick building syndrome. I. Definition and epidemiological considerations. 1993;30(4):285-95.
  • 11. Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Weinmayr G, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). The Lancet Oncology. 2013;14(9):813-22.
  • 12. Xing YF, Xu YH, Shi MH, LianXing YX. The impact of PM2. 5 on the human respiratory system. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(1):E69-74.
  • 13. Samoli E, Analitis A, Touloumi G, Schwartz J, Anderson HR, Sunyer J, et al. Estimating the exposure–response relationships between particulate matter and mortality within the APHEA multicity project. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2004;113(1):88-95.
  • 14. Ostro B, Broadwin R, Green S, Feng WY, Lipsett M. Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in nine California counties: results from CALFINE. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2005;114(1):29-33.
  • 15. Lewis TC, Robins TG, Dvonch JT, Keeler GJ, Yip FY, Mentz GB, et al. Air pollution–associated changes in lung function among asthmatic children in Detroit. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2005;113(8):1068-75.
  • 16. Zanobetti A, Franklin M, Koutrakis P, Schwartz J. Fine particulate air pollution and its components in association with cause-specific emergency admissions. Environ Health. 2009;8(1):58.
  • 17. Dominici F, Peng RD, Bell ML, Pham L, McDermott A. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. JAMA. 2006;295(10):1127-34.
  • 18. Huynh M, Woodruff TJ, Parker JD, Schoendorf KC. Relationships between air pollution and preterm birth in California. 2006;20(6):454-61.
  • 19. Martinelli N, Girelli D, Cigolini D, Sandri M, Ricci G, Rocca G, et al. Access Rate to the Emergency Department for Venous Thromboembolism in Relationship with Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution. PLoS ONE. 2011;7(4):e34831.
  • 20. de Oliveira BFA, Ignotti E, Artaxo P, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, Junger WL, Hacon S. Risk assessment of PM 2.5 to child residents in Brazilian Amazon region with biofuel production. Environ Health. 2012;11(1):64.
  • 21. Correia AW, Pope CA, Dockery DW, Wang Y, Ezzati M, Dominici F. The effect of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States: an analysis of 545 US counties for the period 2000 to 2007. Epidemiology. 2013 Jan;24(1):23-31.
  • 22. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq. Accessed 7 December 2018.
  • 23. Güler Ç. Kapalı Ortam Hava Kirliliği. Mesleki Sağlık ve Güvenlik Dergisi (MSG). 2015; 3(12):25-32.
  • 24. Gold D. Indoor air pollution. Clinics in Chest Medicine. 1992;13(2):215-29.
  • 25. Jenkins RA, Tomkins B, Guerin MR. The chemistry of environmental tobacco smoke: composition and measurement. CRC Press; 2000.
  • 26. Schlitt H, Knoppel H. Carbonyl compounds in mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke. Present and Future of Indoor Air Quality. 1989:197-206.
  • 27. Spengler JD, Dockery DW, Turner WA, Wolfson JM, Ferris BG. Long-term measurements of respirable sulfates and particles inside and outside homes. Atmospheric Environment (1967). 1981;15(1):23-30.
  • 28. Jones A. Asthma and domestic air quality. Social Science & Medicine. 1998;47(6):755-64.
  • 29. Forastiére F, Corbo GM, Michelozzi P, Pistelli R, Agabiti N, Brancato G, et al. Effects of environment and passive smoking on the respiratory health of children. International journal of epidemiology. 1992;21(1):66-73.
  • 30. Arshad SH, Matthews S, Gant J, Hide DW. Effect of allergen avoidance on development of allergic disorders in infancy. The Lancet. 1992;339(8808):1493-7.
  • 31. National Research Council. Environmental tobacco smoke: measuring exposures and assessing health effects. National Academies Press; 1986.
  • 32. Janerich DT, Thompson WD, Varela LR, Greenwald P, Chorost S, Tucci C, et al. Lung cancer and exposure to tobacco smoke in the household. New England Journal of Medicine. 1990;323(10):632-6.
  • 33. Formaldehyde. https://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde. Accessed 19 March 2019.
  • 34. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq. Accessed 19 March 2019.
  • 35. Wallace LA. Human exposure to volatile organic pollutants: implications for indoor air studies. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. 2001;26(1):269-301.
  • 36. Shima M, Adachi M. Effect of outdoor and indoor nitrogen dioxide on respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren. 2000;29(5):862-70.
  • 37. Jones AP. Indoor air quality and health. Atmospheric Environment. 1999;33(28):4535-64.
  • 38. McDonald JC. An epidemiological view of asbestos in buildings. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 1991;7(5-6):187-93.
  • 39. Ohar J, Sterling DA, Bleecker E, Donohue J. Changing patterns in asbestos-induced lung disease. Chest. 2004;125(2):744-53.
  • 40. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. New York, NY United Nations; 2006.
  • 41. World Health Organization WHO Guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants, 2010. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/128169/e94535.pdf. Accessed 15 December 2018.
  • 42. Hussain SP, Kennedy CH, Amstad P, Lui H, Lechner JF, Harris CC. Radon and lung carcinogenesis: mutability of p53 codons 249 and 250 to 238 Pu alpha-particles in human bronchial epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis. 1997;18(1):121-5.
  • 43. Weaver DA, Hei TK, Hukku B, McRaven JA, Willey JC. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells induced by radon alpha particles. Carcinogenesis. 1997;18(6):1251-7.
  • 44. Collie CG, Strong JC, Humpherys JA, Timpson N, Baker ST, Eldered T, et al. Carcinogenicity of radon/radon decay product inhalation in rats–effect of dose, dose rate and unattached fraction. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2005;81(9):631-47.
  • 45. National Research Council, Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2. National Academies Press; 2006.
  • 46. Household air pollution and health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health. Accessed 7 December 2018.

Indoor air pollution

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 12, 877 - 881, 03.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.590825

Öz

Clean air is one of the essential preconditions of life. Approximately 4.3 million people die due to indoor air pollution every year. The majority of these deaths are due to stroke (34%), ischemic heart disease (26%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22%). The principal indoor air pollutant particulate materials are carbon monoxide, tobacco smoke, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds, nitrogen dioxide, asbestos, radon, and biological pollutants (micro-organisms and allergens). The prevention of indoor air pollution and use of clean energy sources must be regarded as an opportunity to improve health, particularly that of mothers and children, reduce poverty, and achieve environmental sustainability.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Indoor air pollution. 14.01.2018]; Available from: https://www.who.int/features/qa/indoor-air-pollution/en/.
  • 2. Myers I, Maynard RL. Polluted air—outdoors and indoors. Occup Med (Lond). 2005;55(6):432-8.
  • 3. McKenzie JF, Pinger RR, Kotecki JE. An introduction to community health. London: Jones & Bartlett Publishers; 2011.
  • 4. Kurmi OP, Semple S, Steiner M, Henderson GD, Ayres JG. Particulate matter exposure during domestic work in Nepal. Annals of occupational hygiene. 2008;52(6):509-17.
  • 5. Cooke TF. Indoor Air Pollutants: A Literature Review. Reviews on Environmental Health. 1991;9(3):137-60.
  • 6. Kırımhan S, Boyabat N. Erzurum’da hava kirliliği-Son rapor. Atatürk Üniversitesi Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu–5, Erzurum, 1983;12:6-8.
  • 7. Spellman FR. The science of air: concepts and applications. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 2016:300.
  • 8. Maroni M, Seifert B, Lindvall T. Indoor air quality: a comprehensive reference book. Vol. 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1995.
  • 9. Wang LK, Pereira NC; Hung YT. Advanced air and noise pollution control; Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press; 2005.
  • 10. Chang CC, Ruhl RA, Halpern GM, Gershwin ME. The sick building syndrome. I. Definition and epidemiological considerations. 1993;30(4):285-95.
  • 11. Raaschou-Nielsen O, Andersen ZJ, Beelen R, Samoli E, Stafoggia M, Weinmayr G, et al. Air pollution and lung cancer incidence in 17 European cohorts: prospective analyses from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE). The Lancet Oncology. 2013;14(9):813-22.
  • 12. Xing YF, Xu YH, Shi MH, LianXing YX. The impact of PM2. 5 on the human respiratory system. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(1):E69-74.
  • 13. Samoli E, Analitis A, Touloumi G, Schwartz J, Anderson HR, Sunyer J, et al. Estimating the exposure–response relationships between particulate matter and mortality within the APHEA multicity project. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2004;113(1):88-95.
  • 14. Ostro B, Broadwin R, Green S, Feng WY, Lipsett M. Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in nine California counties: results from CALFINE. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2005;114(1):29-33.
  • 15. Lewis TC, Robins TG, Dvonch JT, Keeler GJ, Yip FY, Mentz GB, et al. Air pollution–associated changes in lung function among asthmatic children in Detroit. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2005;113(8):1068-75.
  • 16. Zanobetti A, Franklin M, Koutrakis P, Schwartz J. Fine particulate air pollution and its components in association with cause-specific emergency admissions. Environ Health. 2009;8(1):58.
  • 17. Dominici F, Peng RD, Bell ML, Pham L, McDermott A. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. JAMA. 2006;295(10):1127-34.
  • 18. Huynh M, Woodruff TJ, Parker JD, Schoendorf KC. Relationships between air pollution and preterm birth in California. 2006;20(6):454-61.
  • 19. Martinelli N, Girelli D, Cigolini D, Sandri M, Ricci G, Rocca G, et al. Access Rate to the Emergency Department for Venous Thromboembolism in Relationship with Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution. PLoS ONE. 2011;7(4):e34831.
  • 20. de Oliveira BFA, Ignotti E, Artaxo P, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, Junger WL, Hacon S. Risk assessment of PM 2.5 to child residents in Brazilian Amazon region with biofuel production. Environ Health. 2012;11(1):64.
  • 21. Correia AW, Pope CA, Dockery DW, Wang Y, Ezzati M, Dominici F. The effect of air pollution control on life expectancy in the United States: an analysis of 545 US counties for the period 2000 to 2007. Epidemiology. 2013 Jan;24(1):23-31.
  • 22. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq. Accessed 7 December 2018.
  • 23. Güler Ç. Kapalı Ortam Hava Kirliliği. Mesleki Sağlık ve Güvenlik Dergisi (MSG). 2015; 3(12):25-32.
  • 24. Gold D. Indoor air pollution. Clinics in Chest Medicine. 1992;13(2):215-29.
  • 25. Jenkins RA, Tomkins B, Guerin MR. The chemistry of environmental tobacco smoke: composition and measurement. CRC Press; 2000.
  • 26. Schlitt H, Knoppel H. Carbonyl compounds in mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke. Present and Future of Indoor Air Quality. 1989:197-206.
  • 27. Spengler JD, Dockery DW, Turner WA, Wolfson JM, Ferris BG. Long-term measurements of respirable sulfates and particles inside and outside homes. Atmospheric Environment (1967). 1981;15(1):23-30.
  • 28. Jones A. Asthma and domestic air quality. Social Science & Medicine. 1998;47(6):755-64.
  • 29. Forastiére F, Corbo GM, Michelozzi P, Pistelli R, Agabiti N, Brancato G, et al. Effects of environment and passive smoking on the respiratory health of children. International journal of epidemiology. 1992;21(1):66-73.
  • 30. Arshad SH, Matthews S, Gant J, Hide DW. Effect of allergen avoidance on development of allergic disorders in infancy. The Lancet. 1992;339(8808):1493-7.
  • 31. National Research Council. Environmental tobacco smoke: measuring exposures and assessing health effects. National Academies Press; 1986.
  • 32. Janerich DT, Thompson WD, Varela LR, Greenwald P, Chorost S, Tucci C, et al. Lung cancer and exposure to tobacco smoke in the household. New England Journal of Medicine. 1990;323(10):632-6.
  • 33. Formaldehyde. https://www.epa.gov/formaldehyde. Accessed 19 March 2019.
  • 34. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq. Accessed 19 March 2019.
  • 35. Wallace LA. Human exposure to volatile organic pollutants: implications for indoor air studies. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. 2001;26(1):269-301.
  • 36. Shima M, Adachi M. Effect of outdoor and indoor nitrogen dioxide on respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren. 2000;29(5):862-70.
  • 37. Jones AP. Indoor air quality and health. Atmospheric Environment. 1999;33(28):4535-64.
  • 38. McDonald JC. An epidemiological view of asbestos in buildings. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 1991;7(5-6):187-93.
  • 39. Ohar J, Sterling DA, Bleecker E, Donohue J. Changing patterns in asbestos-induced lung disease. Chest. 2004;125(2):744-53.
  • 40. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. New York, NY United Nations; 2006.
  • 41. World Health Organization WHO Guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants, 2010. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/128169/e94535.pdf. Accessed 15 December 2018.
  • 42. Hussain SP, Kennedy CH, Amstad P, Lui H, Lechner JF, Harris CC. Radon and lung carcinogenesis: mutability of p53 codons 249 and 250 to 238 Pu alpha-particles in human bronchial epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis. 1997;18(1):121-5.
  • 43. Weaver DA, Hei TK, Hukku B, McRaven JA, Willey JC. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells induced by radon alpha particles. Carcinogenesis. 1997;18(6):1251-7.
  • 44. Collie CG, Strong JC, Humpherys JA, Timpson N, Baker ST, Eldered T, et al. Carcinogenicity of radon/radon decay product inhalation in rats–effect of dose, dose rate and unattached fraction. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2005;81(9):631-47.
  • 45. National Research Council, Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2. National Academies Press; 2006.
  • 46. Household air pollution and health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health. Accessed 7 December 2018.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Duygu Kavuncuoğlu 0000-0002-0546-5478

Zahide Koşan Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1429-6207

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 12

Kaynak Göster

APA Kavuncuoğlu, D., & Koşan, Z. (2019). Indoor air pollution. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 3(12), 877-881. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.590825
AMA Kavuncuoğlu D, Koşan Z. Indoor air pollution. J Surg Med. Aralık 2019;3(12):877-881. doi:10.28982/josam.590825
Chicago Kavuncuoğlu, Duygu, ve Zahide Koşan. “Indoor Air Pollution”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 3, sy. 12 (Aralık 2019): 877-81. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.590825.
EndNote Kavuncuoğlu D, Koşan Z (01 Aralık 2019) Indoor air pollution. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 3 12 877–881.
IEEE D. Kavuncuoğlu ve Z. Koşan, “Indoor air pollution”, J Surg Med, c. 3, sy. 12, ss. 877–881, 2019, doi: 10.28982/josam.590825.
ISNAD Kavuncuoğlu, Duygu - Koşan, Zahide. “Indoor Air Pollution”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 3/12 (Aralık 2019), 877-881. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.590825.
JAMA Kavuncuoğlu D, Koşan Z. Indoor air pollution. J Surg Med. 2019;3:877–881.
MLA Kavuncuoğlu, Duygu ve Zahide Koşan. “Indoor Air Pollution”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, c. 3, sy. 12, 2019, ss. 877-81, doi:10.28982/josam.590825.
Vancouver Kavuncuoğlu D, Koşan Z. Indoor air pollution. J Surg Med. 2019;3(12):877-81.