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Are there any Positive Impacts of a Pandemic? Posttraumatic Growth of Nurses Who are Struggling with COVID-19

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 313 - 321, 05.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.994811

Öz

Objective: It is known that COVID-19 pandemic causes high levels of acute stress disorder, anxiety, burnout syndrome, depression and, post-traumatic stress disorder in health professionals. In addition, it has been revealed that nurses working with COVID-19 patients are more negatively affected by this process. Actually, experienced traumatic events do not only lead to negative changes in people. On the contrary, some people also experience positive alterations after traumatic events, which affect their lives in various areas. This study was conducted to determine the post-traumatic growth of the nurses struggling with COVID-19.
Methods: The research has been made as a descriptive study with the 559 nurses working in COVID-19 pandemic clinics between January-March 2021 in Turkey. The data of the research were collected in an online survey.
Results: Post-traumatic growth inventory total score of the nurses is found as 53.95±18.89. There is a medium to strong (0.61-0.94) positive correlation between post-traumatic growth inventory total score and sub-dimension scores.
Conclusion: In literature, when other studies which examined the nurses’ post-traumatic growth levels are checked, it can be said that; in our study, nurses’ post-traumatic growth levels remained below the average. It is recommended that studies evaluating nurses' post-traumatic growth levels should be carried out at regular intervals and centers that will provide holistic support to nurses to support their positive development should be expanded.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

Thank you for your contribution to nurses that agreed to participate in our study.

Kaynakça

  • Baillie SE, Sellwood W, Wisely JA. (2014). Post-traumatic growth in adults following a burn. Burns, 40(6), 1089–1096.
  • Bayram S, Duman RN, Demirtaş B. (2018). Üç İnsan, bir olay, üç farklı travmatik deneyim süreci. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 1(1), 165–182.
  • Beck CT, Casavant S. (2020). Vicarious posttraumatic growth in NICU nurses. Advances in Neonatal Care, 20(4), 324–332.
  • Briere JN, Scott C. (2016). Travma terapisinin ilkeleri belirtiler, değerlendirme ve tedavi için bir kılavuz DSM-5 için güncellenmiş. Genç BD, (Ed.), İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, s. 76.
  • Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. (2013). Posttraumatic growth in clinical practice. New York and London, Routledge, p. 182.
  • Cui PP, Wang PP, Wang K, Ping Z, Wang P, Chen C. (2020). Post-traumatic growth and influencing factors among frontline nurses fighting against COVID-19. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 78(2), 129–135.
  • da Silva TLG, Ramos VG, Donat JC, de Oliveira FR, Gauer G, Kristensen CH. (2018). Psychometric properties of the posttraumatic growth inventory in a sample of Brazilian university students. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 40(4), 292–299.
  • Depierro J, Katz CL, Marin D, Feder A, Bevilacqua L, Sharma V, et al. (2020). Mount Sinai’s Center for stress, resilience and personal growth as a model for responding to the impact of COVID-19 on health care workers. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113426.
  • Gedik FG. (2021). Health Workforce in the COVID-19 Response COVID-19. Erişim tarihi: 26.02.2021, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/nursing/who-healthworkforce-in-the-COVID-19response.pdf?sfvrsn=62d228b0_2.
  • Gómez-Salgado J, Navarro-Abal Y, López-López MJ, Romero-Martín M, Climent-Rodríguez JA. (2019). Engagement, passion and meaning of work as modulating variables in nursing: A theoretical analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(1), 108.
  • Hamama-Raz Y, Ben-Ezra M, Bibi H, Swarka M, Gelernter R, Abu-Kishk I. (2020a). The interaction effect between gender and profession in posttraumatic growth among hospital personnel, Primary Health Care Research and Development, 21(e35), 1-8.
  • Hamama-Raz Y, Hamama L, Pat-Horenczyk R, Stokar YN, Zilberstein T, Bron-Harlev E. (2020b). Posttraumatic growth and burnout in pediatric nurses: The mediating role of secondary traumatization and the moderating role of meaning in work. Stress and Health, 37(3), 442-453.
  • Hefferon K, Boniwell I. (2011). Positive psychology: Theory, research and applications. McGraw-Hill Education, p. 86.
  • Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. (2020). Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi, 38(3), 192–195.
  • Huremović D. (2019). Quarantine and Isolation: Effects on Healthcare Workers. In D. Huremović (Ed.), Psychiatry of Pandemics. Springer International Publishing, p. 119-125.
  • Jayawickreme E, Infurna FJ, Alajak K, Blackie LER, Chopik WJ, Chung JM, et al. (2021). Post-traumatic growth as positive personality change: Challenges, opportunities, and recommendations. Journal of Personality, 89, 145–165. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12591.
  • Joseph S, Linley PA. (2006). Growth following adversity: Theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(8), 1041–1053.
  • Kağan M, Güleç M, Boysan M, Çavuş H. (2012). Travma sonrası büyüme envanteri’nin türkçe versiyonunun normal toplumda hiyerarşik faktör yapısı. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 11(5), 617–624.
  • Kisely S, Warren N, McMahon L, Dalais C, Henry I, Siskind D. (2020). Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: Rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 369, m1642.
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N. et al. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976.
  • Lee E, Kim Y. (2020). Caregivers’ psychological suffering and posttraumatic growth after patient death. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(3):1323-1330.
  • Măirean C. (2016). Secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth: Social support as a moderator. Social Science Journal, 53(1), 14–21.
  • Okoli CTC, Seng S, Lykins A, Higgins JT. (2021). Correlates of post-traumatic growth among nursing professionals: A cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(2), 307–316.
  • Serrano-Ripoll MJ, Meneses-Echavez JF, Ricci-Cabello I, Fraile-Navarro D, Fiol-deRoque MA, Pastor-Moreno G, et al. (2020). Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 347–357.
  • Shakespeare-Finch J, Lurie-Beck J. (2014). A meta-analytic clarification of the relationship between posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic distress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(2), 223–229.
  • Stuijfzand S, Deforges C, Sandoz V, Sajin CT, Jaques C, Elmers J. et al. (2020). Psychological impact of an epidemic/pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a rapid review. BMC Public Health, 20, 1230.
  • Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Weintroub A. (2008). Meaning in life and personal growth among pediatric physicians and nurses. Death Studies, 32(7), 621–645.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri Genel Müdürlüğü. (2020). Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2020 Haber Bülteni. Assessed date:01.01.2021, https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/41611/0/haber-bulteni-2020pdf.pdf
  • Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Jounal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455–471.
  • Tedeschi, RG, Moore, BA. (2016). The posttraumatic growth workbook: Coming through trauma wiser, stronger, and more resilient. New Harbinger Publications, p. 128.
  • Tedeschi RG. (1999). Violence transformed: Posttraumatic growth in survivors and their societies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4(3), 319–341.
  • Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18.
  • Tedeschi, RG, Park, CL, Calhoun, LG. (1998). Posttraumatic growth: positive changes in the aftermath of crisis, Routledge, p. 267.
  • Teixeira RJ, Pereira MG. (2013). Growth and the cancer caregiving experience: Psychometric properties of the portuguese posttraumatic growth inventory. Families, Systems and Health, 31(4), 382–395.
  • Temsah MH, Al-sohime F, Alamro N, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Hasan K, Jamal A. et al. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(6), 877–882.
  • Walker-Williams HJ, Van Eeden C, Van Der Merwe K. (2013). Coping behaviour, posttraumatic growth and psychological well-being in women with childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 23(2), 259–268.
  • Wang L, Cao X, Cao C, Fang R, Yang H, Elhai JD. (2017). Factor structure of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed adolescents: Examining stability across time. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 52, 88–94.
  • World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 51. (2020). Assessed date: 26.02.2021, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep- 51-COVID-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10
  • Yılmaz G, Üstün B. (2019). Onkoloji hemşirelerinin profesyonel yaşam kalitesini ve travma sonrası gelişim düzeylerini etkileyen sosyodemografik ve mesleki faktörler. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 10(4), 241–250.
  • Zerach G, Shalev TBI. (2015). The relations between violence exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, secondary traumatization, vicarious post traumatic growth and illness attribution among psychiatric nurses. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 29(3), 135–142.

Pandemi Sürecinin Olumlu Etkileri Olabilir Mi? COVID-19 ile Mücadele Eden Hemşirelerin Travma Sonrası Gelişimleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 313 - 321, 05.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.994811

Öz

Amaç: COVID-19 pandemisinin sağlık çalışanlarında yüksek düzeyde akut stres bozukluğu, anksiyete, tükenmişlik sendromu, depresyon ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğuna neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Ayrıca COVID-19 hastalarıyla çalışan hemşirelerin bu süreçten daha fazla olumsuz etkilendiği ortaya konmuştur. Yaşanan travmatik olaylar kişiler üzerinde sadece olumsuz değişimlere yol açmazlar. Aksine, bazı kişiler yaşadıkları travmatik deneyimlerden sonra yaşamlarının pek çok alanını etkileyen olumlu değişimler de yaşarlar. Bu çalışma, COVID-19 ile mücadele eden hemşirelerin travma sonrası gelişimlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma, Türkiye'de Ocak-Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında COVID-19 pandemi kliniklerinde çalışan 559 hemşire ile tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri çevrimiçi anket yoluyla toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Hemşirelerin Travma Sonrası Büyüme Envanteri toplam puanı 53.95±18.89 olarak bulunmuştur. Travma sonrası büyüme envanteri toplam puanı ile alt boyut puanları arasında orta ila güçlü pozitif yönde (0.61-0.94) bir ilişki vardır.
Sonuç: Literatürde hemşirelerin travma sonrası gelişim düzeyini değerlendiren çalışmalar incelendiğinde, çalışmamızda pandemi kliniklerinde çalışan hemşirelerin travma sonrası gelişim düzeylerinin ortalamanın altında kaldığı söylenebilir. Hemşirelerin travma sonrası gelişim düzeylerini değerlendiren çalışmaların düzenli aralıklarla yapılması ve olumlu gelişimlerini desteklemek için hemşirelere bütüncül destek sağlayacak merkezlerin yaygınlaştırılması önerilmektedir.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • Baillie SE, Sellwood W, Wisely JA. (2014). Post-traumatic growth in adults following a burn. Burns, 40(6), 1089–1096.
  • Bayram S, Duman RN, Demirtaş B. (2018). Üç İnsan, bir olay, üç farklı travmatik deneyim süreci. Türkiye Bütüncül Psikoterapi Dergisi, 1(1), 165–182.
  • Beck CT, Casavant S. (2020). Vicarious posttraumatic growth in NICU nurses. Advances in Neonatal Care, 20(4), 324–332.
  • Briere JN, Scott C. (2016). Travma terapisinin ilkeleri belirtiler, değerlendirme ve tedavi için bir kılavuz DSM-5 için güncellenmiş. Genç BD, (Ed.), İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, s. 76.
  • Calhoun LG, Tedeschi RG. (2013). Posttraumatic growth in clinical practice. New York and London, Routledge, p. 182.
  • Cui PP, Wang PP, Wang K, Ping Z, Wang P, Chen C. (2020). Post-traumatic growth and influencing factors among frontline nurses fighting against COVID-19. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 78(2), 129–135.
  • da Silva TLG, Ramos VG, Donat JC, de Oliveira FR, Gauer G, Kristensen CH. (2018). Psychometric properties of the posttraumatic growth inventory in a sample of Brazilian university students. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 40(4), 292–299.
  • Depierro J, Katz CL, Marin D, Feder A, Bevilacqua L, Sharma V, et al. (2020). Mount Sinai’s Center for stress, resilience and personal growth as a model for responding to the impact of COVID-19 on health care workers. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113426.
  • Gedik FG. (2021). Health Workforce in the COVID-19 Response COVID-19. Erişim tarihi: 26.02.2021, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/nursing/who-healthworkforce-in-the-COVID-19response.pdf?sfvrsn=62d228b0_2.
  • Gómez-Salgado J, Navarro-Abal Y, López-López MJ, Romero-Martín M, Climent-Rodríguez JA. (2019). Engagement, passion and meaning of work as modulating variables in nursing: A theoretical analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(1), 108.
  • Hamama-Raz Y, Ben-Ezra M, Bibi H, Swarka M, Gelernter R, Abu-Kishk I. (2020a). The interaction effect between gender and profession in posttraumatic growth among hospital personnel, Primary Health Care Research and Development, 21(e35), 1-8.
  • Hamama-Raz Y, Hamama L, Pat-Horenczyk R, Stokar YN, Zilberstein T, Bron-Harlev E. (2020b). Posttraumatic growth and burnout in pediatric nurses: The mediating role of secondary traumatization and the moderating role of meaning in work. Stress and Health, 37(3), 442-453.
  • Hefferon K, Boniwell I. (2011). Positive psychology: Theory, research and applications. McGraw-Hill Education, p. 86.
  • Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. (2020). Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi, 38(3), 192–195.
  • Huremović D. (2019). Quarantine and Isolation: Effects on Healthcare Workers. In D. Huremović (Ed.), Psychiatry of Pandemics. Springer International Publishing, p. 119-125.
  • Jayawickreme E, Infurna FJ, Alajak K, Blackie LER, Chopik WJ, Chung JM, et al. (2021). Post-traumatic growth as positive personality change: Challenges, opportunities, and recommendations. Journal of Personality, 89, 145–165. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12591.
  • Joseph S, Linley PA. (2006). Growth following adversity: Theoretical perspectives and implications for clinical practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(8), 1041–1053.
  • Kağan M, Güleç M, Boysan M, Çavuş H. (2012). Travma sonrası büyüme envanteri’nin türkçe versiyonunun normal toplumda hiyerarşik faktör yapısı. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 11(5), 617–624.
  • Kisely S, Warren N, McMahon L, Dalais C, Henry I, Siskind D. (2020). Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: Rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 369, m1642.
  • Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N. et al. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976.
  • Lee E, Kim Y. (2020). Caregivers’ psychological suffering and posttraumatic growth after patient death. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 57(3):1323-1330.
  • Măirean C. (2016). Secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth: Social support as a moderator. Social Science Journal, 53(1), 14–21.
  • Okoli CTC, Seng S, Lykins A, Higgins JT. (2021). Correlates of post-traumatic growth among nursing professionals: A cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(2), 307–316.
  • Serrano-Ripoll MJ, Meneses-Echavez JF, Ricci-Cabello I, Fraile-Navarro D, Fiol-deRoque MA, Pastor-Moreno G, et al. (2020). Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 347–357.
  • Shakespeare-Finch J, Lurie-Beck J. (2014). A meta-analytic clarification of the relationship between posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic distress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(2), 223–229.
  • Stuijfzand S, Deforges C, Sandoz V, Sajin CT, Jaques C, Elmers J. et al. (2020). Psychological impact of an epidemic/pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals: a rapid review. BMC Public Health, 20, 1230.
  • Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Weintroub A. (2008). Meaning in life and personal growth among pediatric physicians and nurses. Death Studies, 32(7), 621–645.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık Bilgi Sistemleri Genel Müdürlüğü. (2020). Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı 2020 Haber Bülteni. Assessed date:01.01.2021, https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/41611/0/haber-bulteni-2020pdf.pdf
  • Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Jounal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455–471.
  • Tedeschi, RG, Moore, BA. (2016). The posttraumatic growth workbook: Coming through trauma wiser, stronger, and more resilient. New Harbinger Publications, p. 128.
  • Tedeschi RG. (1999). Violence transformed: Posttraumatic growth in survivors and their societies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4(3), 319–341.
  • Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18.
  • Tedeschi, RG, Park, CL, Calhoun, LG. (1998). Posttraumatic growth: positive changes in the aftermath of crisis, Routledge, p. 267.
  • Teixeira RJ, Pereira MG. (2013). Growth and the cancer caregiving experience: Psychometric properties of the portuguese posttraumatic growth inventory. Families, Systems and Health, 31(4), 382–395.
  • Temsah MH, Al-sohime F, Alamro N, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Hasan K, Jamal A. et al. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(6), 877–882.
  • Walker-Williams HJ, Van Eeden C, Van Der Merwe K. (2013). Coping behaviour, posttraumatic growth and psychological well-being in women with childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 23(2), 259–268.
  • Wang L, Cao X, Cao C, Fang R, Yang H, Elhai JD. (2017). Factor structure of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in trauma-exposed adolescents: Examining stability across time. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 52, 88–94.
  • World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 51. (2020). Assessed date: 26.02.2021, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep- 51-COVID-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10
  • Yılmaz G, Üstün B. (2019). Onkoloji hemşirelerinin profesyonel yaşam kalitesini ve travma sonrası gelişim düzeylerini etkileyen sosyodemografik ve mesleki faktörler. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 10(4), 241–250.
  • Zerach G, Shalev TBI. (2015). The relations between violence exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, secondary traumatization, vicarious post traumatic growth and illness attribution among psychiatric nurses. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 29(3), 135–142.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hemşirelik
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Hatice Yüceler Kaçmaz 0000-0003-4529-1991

Gülhan Küçük Öztürk 0000-0002-9220-6051

Ayser Döner 0000-0002-3450-7219

Ercan Kılıç 0000-0003-3063-8251

Proje Numarası -
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 5 Aralık 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yüceler Kaçmaz, H., Küçük Öztürk, G., Döner, A., Kılıç, E. (2022). Are there any Positive Impacts of a Pandemic? Posttraumatic Growth of Nurses Who are Struggling with COVID-19. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5(3), 313-321. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.994811