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Covid-19 Pandemisinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kaygı Düzeyleri, Uyku Kalitesi ve Kas-İskelet Ağrıları Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 1 - 10, 11.04.2022

Nazan Öztürk Emine Gerçek Öter Filiz Abacıgıl Ecem Ersungur Muammer Korkut

https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.994767
Cited By: 3

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, üniversite öğrencilerinin Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında kaygı düzeyleri, uyku kalitesi ve kas-iskelet ağrıları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi amaçladı.

Materyal-Metod: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipteki çalışma, 15 Şubat-15 Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında bir üniversitenin sağlık alanı ile ilgili iki yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören 316 öğrenci ile yapıldı. Araştırma verileri, Bireysel Tanıtım Formu, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi, Durumluk ve Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri ve Nordic Kas İskelet Sistemi Anketi kullanılarak toplandı. Veriler Spearman korelasyonu ve Student t testi ile analiz edildi.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama durumluk kaygı puanı 40,4±11.1 (20-76), ortalama sürekli kaygı puanı 44,8±9,2 (22-57) idi. Ortalama Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi puanı 7,9±2,8 (6-10) idi. Öğrencilerin en çok ağrı ve rahatsızlık belirttikleri alanlar sırt, bel ve boyun bölgeleriydi. Durumluk ve sürekli kaygı toplam puanı arttıkça uyku kalitesinin kötüleştiği bulundu (p<0.05). Son 12 ay içinde dirsek dışında tanımlanan tüm kas-iskelet sistemi bölgelerinde ağrı ve hassasiyet tanımlayan öğrencilerin durumluk ve sürekli kaygı puanlarının yüksek olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Çalışma, Covid-19 salgınında öğrencilerin kaygı, uyku kalitesi ve kas-iskelet ağrı düzeyleri arasında ilişki olduğunu gösterdi. Bu çalışma pandemi gibi kısıtlılık dönemlerinde, fizik aktivitenin azalması ile birlikte kas iskelet sistemi ile ilgili sorunların artışı ve bu durumun kaygı düzeyleri ile ilişkisinin gösterilmesi, ayrıca uyku bozukluklarının tedavisinde öğrencilerin kaygı durumlarının belirlenmesinin önemli olacağını göstermesi açısından kritik değere sahiptir. Bu süreçte öğrencilere yönelik masa başı egzersiz programlarının düzenlenmesinin hem kas iskelet sorunları, hem kaygı düzeyleri için yararlı olabileceği, dolayısı ile uyku kalitelerini iyileştirebileceği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaygı Uyku kalitesi Kas-İskelet Ağrısı Covid-19 Salgını Üniversite Öğrencileri

Destekleyen Kurum

Bulunmamakta

Teşekkür

Çalışmamıza katılım gösteren öğrencilere teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • [1] World Health Organization. WHO director-general’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-mediabriefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
  • [2]Planchuelo-Gómez Á, Odriozola-González P, Irurtia MJ, Luis-Garcia RD. Longitudinal evaluation of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis in Spain. J Affect Disord 2020;277:842-849.
  • [3]El Keshky MES, Alsabban AM, Basyouni SS. The psychological and social impacts on personal stress for residents quarantined for Covid-19 in Saudi Arabia. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35(3): 311-316.
  • [4]Al Zubayer A, Rahman ME, Islam MB, Dey Babu SZ, Rahman QM, Bhıiyon MRAM et al. Psychological states of Bangladeshi people four months after the Covid-19 pandemic: An online survey. Heliyon 2020;6(9):e05057.
  • [5]Chen RN, Liang SW, Peng Y, Li XG, Chen JB, Tang SY et al. Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the Covid-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey. J Psychosom Res 2020;137:110219.
  • [6]Moawad RA. Online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and academic stress in university students. Revista Românească pentru Educaţie Multidimensională (PREM) 2020;12(1):100-107.
  • [7]Chandra Y. Online education during Covid-19: perception of academic stress and emotional intelligence coping strategies among college students. Asian Educ Dev Stud 2020;10(2): 229-238.
  • [8]Ding X, Yao J. Peer education intervention on adolescents’ anxiety, depression, and sleep disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic. Psychiatria Danubina 2020;32(3-4): 527-535.
  • [9]Center for Collegiate Mental Health Annual Report (2019). Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. 2020. [2020-07-23]. https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-college-students-and-mental-health/resource/12372.
  • [10]Ulrich AK, Full KM, Cheng B, Gravagna K, Nederhoff D, Basta NE. Stress, anxiety, and sleep among college and university students during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Health 2021;9;1-5.
  • [11]Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J et al. The psychological impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on college students in China. J Psychiatr Res 2020;287:112934.
  • [12]Huskya MM, Kovess-Masfety V, Swendsenc JD. Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Compr Psychiatry 2020;102:152191.
  • [13]Becker SP, Jarrett MA, Luebbe AM, Garner AA, Burns GL, Kofler MJ. Sleep in a large, multi‐university sample of college students: sleep problem prevalence, sex differences, and mental health correlates. Sleep Health 2018;4(2):174‐181.
  • [14]Zhang Y, Peters A, Chen G. Perceived stress mediates the associations between sleep quality and symptoms of anxiety and depression among college nursing students. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2018;15(1).
  • [15]Altevogt BM, Colten HR. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press; 2006.
  • [16]Aldabal L, Bahammam AS. Metabolic, endocrine, and immune consequences of sleep deprivation. Open Respir Med J. 2011;5:31-43.
  • [17]Cellini N, Canale N, Mioni G, Costa S. Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during Covid-19 lockdown in Italy. J Sleep Res. 2020;29(4):e13074.
  • [18]Zhou SJ, Wang LL, Yang R, Yang XJ, Zhang LG, Guo ZC et al. Sleep problems among Chinese adolescents and young adults during the coronavirus-2019 pandemic. Sleep Medicine 2020;74: 39-47.
  • [19]McFarlane AC. Stress-related musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2007;21(3):549-65.
  • [20]Lippi G, Henry BM, Bovo C, Sanchis-Gomar F. Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Diagnosis 2020;7(2):85-90. [21]Toprak Celenay S, Karaaslan Y, Mete O, Özer Kaya D. Coronaphobia, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep quality in stay-at home and continued-working persons during the 3-month Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Turkey. Chronobiology International 2020, 37(12):1778–1785.
  • [22]Polater E. Investigation of the relationship between internet usage, anxiety and sleep quality in a group of university students (Master Thesis). İstanbul, Işık University Social Sciences Institute, 2019.
  • [23]Jungmann SM, Witthöft M. Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current Covid-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety? J Anxiety Disord 2020;73:102239.
  • [24]Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28(2):193-213.
  • [25]Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. 1970.
  • [26]Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı, İstanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları. 1983.
  • [27]Kahraman T, Genç A, Göz E. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: cross cultural adaptation into Turkish assessing its psychometric properties. Disabil Rehabil 2016;4:1-8.
  • [28]Dickinson CE, Campion K, Foster AF, Newman SJ, O’Rourke AMT, Thomas PG. Questionnaire development: an examination of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Appl Ergon 1992;23:197-201.
  • [29]Shanahan L, Copeland WE, Angold A, Bondy CL, Costello EJ. Sleep problems predict and are predicted by generalized anxiety/depression and oppositional defiant disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014;53(5):550–558.
  • [30]Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self‐isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak in January 2020 in China. Med Sci Monitor 2020;26:e923921. [31]Du C, Zan MCH, Cho MJ, I.Fenton J, Hsiao PY, Hsiao R et al. Increased resilience weakens the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety on sleep quality: A moderated mediation analysis of higher education students from 7 countries. Clocks Sleep 2020;11;2(3):334-353.
  • [32]Al-Ajlouni YA, Park SH, Alawa J, Shamaileh G, Bawab A, El-Sadr WM et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with poor sleep health during a period of COVID-19-induced nationwide lockdown: a cross-sectional analysis of adults in Jordan. BMJ Open 2020;22;10(12):e041995.
  • [33]Ahammed B, Jahan N, Seddeque A, Hossain MT, Shova TEA, Khan B et al. Exploring the association between mental health and subjective sleep quality during the Covid-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi university students. Heliyon 2021;7(5):e07082.
  • [34]Evans S, Alkan E, Bhangoo JK, Tenenbaum H, Ng-Knight T. Effects of the Covid-19 lockdown on mental health, wellbeing, sleep, and alcohol use in a UK student sample. Psychiatry Res 2021;298:113819.
  • [35]Gaş S, Ekşi Özsoy H, Cesur Aydın K. The association between sleep quality, depression, anxiety and stress levels, and temporomandibular joint disorders among Turkish dental students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Cranio 2021;5:1-6.
  • [36]Carney CE, Edinger JD, Meyer B, Lindman L, Istre T. Daily activities and sleep quality in college students. Chronobiol Int 2006;23:623-37.
  • [37]Kenney SR, LaBrie JW, Hummer JF, Pham AT. Global sleep quality as a moderator of alcohol consumption and consequences in college students. Addict Behav 2012;37: 507-12.
  • [38]Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, Prichard JR. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Health 2010;46: 124-32.
  • [39]Joseph SJ, Shoib S, Sg T, Bhandari SS. Psychological concerns and musculoskeletal pain amidst the COVID-19 lockdown. Open J Psychiatry Allied Sci (Internet) 2020; 11(2):137–9.
  • [40]Moretti A, Menna F, Aulicino M, Paoletta M, Liguori S, Lolascon G. Characterization of home working population during covid-19 emergency: a cross-sectional analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(17):1–13.
  • [41]Majumdar P, Biswas A, Sahu S. Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown: cause of sleep disruption, depression, somatic pain, and increased screen exposure of office workers and students of India. Chronobıology Internatıonal 2020;8:1191–1200.

The Relationship Between Levels of Anxiety, Sleep Quality and Musculoskeletal Pain of University Students during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 1 - 10, 11.04.2022

Nazan Öztürk Emine Gerçek Öter Filiz Abacıgıl Ecem Ersungur Muammer Korkut

https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.994767
Cited By: 3

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between levels of anxiety, sleep quality and musculoskeletal pain of university students during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Material and Method: The cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between February 15-May 15, 2021 with 316 students studying in two health services vocational schools of an university. The research data were collected using a questionnaire form including Personal Identification Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The data were analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis and Students’s t test.

Findings: The participants' mean State Anxiety score was 40,4±111 (20-76), and Trait Anxiety mean score was 44,8±9,2 (22-57). The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was 7,9±2,8 (6-10). The areas where students stated most pain and discomfort were back, waist and neck regions. It was found that as the total score of state and trait anxiety increased, sleep quality worsened. It was determined that the state and trait anxiety scores of the students who described pain, soreness and tenderness in the last 12 months in all defined musculoskeletal system regions except the elbows were high.

Conclusion: The study showed that the relationship between students' anxiety, sleep quality and musculoskeletal pain levels during the Covid-19 outbreak. This study has a critical value in terms of showing the increase in musculoskeletal problems with the decrease in physical activity and the relationship between this situation and anxiety levels, and also showing that it will be important to determine the anxiety levels of students in the treatment of sleep disorders. In this process, it can be said that arranging desk exercise programs for students can be beneficial for both musculoskeletal problems and anxiety levels, thus improving their sleep quality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety Sleep quality Musculoskeletal pain covid 19 pandemic university students

Kaynakça

  • [1] World Health Organization. WHO director-general’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-mediabriefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
  • [2]Planchuelo-Gómez Á, Odriozola-González P, Irurtia MJ, Luis-Garcia RD. Longitudinal evaluation of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis in Spain. J Affect Disord 2020;277:842-849.
  • [3]El Keshky MES, Alsabban AM, Basyouni SS. The psychological and social impacts on personal stress for residents quarantined for Covid-19 in Saudi Arabia. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35(3): 311-316.
  • [4]Al Zubayer A, Rahman ME, Islam MB, Dey Babu SZ, Rahman QM, Bhıiyon MRAM et al. Psychological states of Bangladeshi people four months after the Covid-19 pandemic: An online survey. Heliyon 2020;6(9):e05057.
  • [5]Chen RN, Liang SW, Peng Y, Li XG, Chen JB, Tang SY et al. Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the Covid-19 pandemic: A large-scale survey. J Psychosom Res 2020;137:110219.
  • [6]Moawad RA. Online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and academic stress in university students. Revista Românească pentru Educaţie Multidimensională (PREM) 2020;12(1):100-107.
  • [7]Chandra Y. Online education during Covid-19: perception of academic stress and emotional intelligence coping strategies among college students. Asian Educ Dev Stud 2020;10(2): 229-238.
  • [8]Ding X, Yao J. Peer education intervention on adolescents’ anxiety, depression, and sleep disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic. Psychiatria Danubina 2020;32(3-4): 527-535.
  • [9]Center for Collegiate Mental Health Annual Report (2019). Global Health Education and Learning Incubator at Harvard University. 2020. [2020-07-23]. https://repository.gheli.harvard.edu/repository/collection/resource-pack-college-students-and-mental-health/resource/12372.
  • [10]Ulrich AK, Full KM, Cheng B, Gravagna K, Nederhoff D, Basta NE. Stress, anxiety, and sleep among college and university students during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Am Coll Health 2021;9;1-5.
  • [11]Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J et al. The psychological impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on college students in China. J Psychiatr Res 2020;287:112934.
  • [12]Huskya MM, Kovess-Masfety V, Swendsenc JD. Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Compr Psychiatry 2020;102:152191.
  • [13]Becker SP, Jarrett MA, Luebbe AM, Garner AA, Burns GL, Kofler MJ. Sleep in a large, multi‐university sample of college students: sleep problem prevalence, sex differences, and mental health correlates. Sleep Health 2018;4(2):174‐181.
  • [14]Zhang Y, Peters A, Chen G. Perceived stress mediates the associations between sleep quality and symptoms of anxiety and depression among college nursing students. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2018;15(1).
  • [15]Altevogt BM, Colten HR. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press; 2006.
  • [16]Aldabal L, Bahammam AS. Metabolic, endocrine, and immune consequences of sleep deprivation. Open Respir Med J. 2011;5:31-43.
  • [17]Cellini N, Canale N, Mioni G, Costa S. Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during Covid-19 lockdown in Italy. J Sleep Res. 2020;29(4):e13074.
  • [18]Zhou SJ, Wang LL, Yang R, Yang XJ, Zhang LG, Guo ZC et al. Sleep problems among Chinese adolescents and young adults during the coronavirus-2019 pandemic. Sleep Medicine 2020;74: 39-47.
  • [19]McFarlane AC. Stress-related musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2007;21(3):549-65.
  • [20]Lippi G, Henry BM, Bovo C, Sanchis-Gomar F. Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Diagnosis 2020;7(2):85-90. [21]Toprak Celenay S, Karaaslan Y, Mete O, Özer Kaya D. Coronaphobia, musculoskeletal pain, and sleep quality in stay-at home and continued-working persons during the 3-month Covid-19 pandemic lockdown in Turkey. Chronobiology International 2020, 37(12):1778–1785.
  • [22]Polater E. Investigation of the relationship between internet usage, anxiety and sleep quality in a group of university students (Master Thesis). İstanbul, Işık University Social Sciences Institute, 2019.
  • [23]Jungmann SM, Witthöft M. Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current Covid-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety? J Anxiety Disord 2020;73:102239.
  • [24]Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28(2):193-213.
  • [25]Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. 1970.
  • [26]Öner N, Le Compte A. Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı, İstanbul, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları. 1983.
  • [27]Kahraman T, Genç A, Göz E. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: cross cultural adaptation into Turkish assessing its psychometric properties. Disabil Rehabil 2016;4:1-8.
  • [28]Dickinson CE, Campion K, Foster AF, Newman SJ, O’Rourke AMT, Thomas PG. Questionnaire development: an examination of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Appl Ergon 1992;23:197-201.
  • [29]Shanahan L, Copeland WE, Angold A, Bondy CL, Costello EJ. Sleep problems predict and are predicted by generalized anxiety/depression and oppositional defiant disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014;53(5):550–558.
  • [30]Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self‐isolated for 14 days during the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak in January 2020 in China. Med Sci Monitor 2020;26:e923921. [31]Du C, Zan MCH, Cho MJ, I.Fenton J, Hsiao PY, Hsiao R et al. Increased resilience weakens the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety on sleep quality: A moderated mediation analysis of higher education students from 7 countries. Clocks Sleep 2020;11;2(3):334-353.
  • [32]Al-Ajlouni YA, Park SH, Alawa J, Shamaileh G, Bawab A, El-Sadr WM et al. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with poor sleep health during a period of COVID-19-induced nationwide lockdown: a cross-sectional analysis of adults in Jordan. BMJ Open 2020;22;10(12):e041995.
  • [33]Ahammed B, Jahan N, Seddeque A, Hossain MT, Shova TEA, Khan B et al. Exploring the association between mental health and subjective sleep quality during the Covid-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi university students. Heliyon 2021;7(5):e07082.
  • [34]Evans S, Alkan E, Bhangoo JK, Tenenbaum H, Ng-Knight T. Effects of the Covid-19 lockdown on mental health, wellbeing, sleep, and alcohol use in a UK student sample. Psychiatry Res 2021;298:113819.
  • [35]Gaş S, Ekşi Özsoy H, Cesur Aydın K. The association between sleep quality, depression, anxiety and stress levels, and temporomandibular joint disorders among Turkish dental students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Cranio 2021;5:1-6.
  • [36]Carney CE, Edinger JD, Meyer B, Lindman L, Istre T. Daily activities and sleep quality in college students. Chronobiol Int 2006;23:623-37.
  • [37]Kenney SR, LaBrie JW, Hummer JF, Pham AT. Global sleep quality as a moderator of alcohol consumption and consequences in college students. Addict Behav 2012;37: 507-12.
  • [38]Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, Prichard JR. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Health 2010;46: 124-32.
  • [39]Joseph SJ, Shoib S, Sg T, Bhandari SS. Psychological concerns and musculoskeletal pain amidst the COVID-19 lockdown. Open J Psychiatry Allied Sci (Internet) 2020; 11(2):137–9.
  • [40]Moretti A, Menna F, Aulicino M, Paoletta M, Liguori S, Lolascon G. Characterization of home working population during covid-19 emergency: a cross-sectional analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(17):1–13.
  • [41]Majumdar P, Biswas A, Sahu S. Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown: cause of sleep disruption, depression, somatic pain, and increased screen exposure of office workers and students of India. Chronobıology Internatıonal 2020;8:1191–1200.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Nazan Öztürk 0000-0002-7510-4336

Emine Gerçek Öter 0000-0002-0310-5479

Filiz Abacıgıl 0000-0003-4291-0013

Ecem Ersungur 0000-0002-3240-7177

Muammer Korkut 0000-0002-6726-7434

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Nisan 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Öztürk N, Gerçek Öter E, Abacıgıl F, Ersungur E, Korkut M. Covid-19 Pandemisinde Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kaygı Düzeyleri, Uyku Kalitesi ve Kas-İskelet Ağrıları Arasındaki İlişki. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;13(1):1-10.

Cited By

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Healthy Nutrition Attitude, Sleep Quality and Musculoskeletal Disorders in University Students During Covid-19 Pandemic
Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences
https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1328460
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE COVID-19 KORKUSUNUN UYKU KALİTESİNE ETKİSİ
Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1114751
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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