Öz
Küreselleşme kavramı ve çoklu modernlikler üzerine araştırma yapan birçok sosyal bilimci 1990’lardan bu yana klasik anlamdaki sosyolojik teoride özellikle sekülerleşme teorilerinde bazı değişimlere işaret etmektedirler. Söz konusu teorilere göre Batının klasik modernleşme modelinde görülen sekülerleşme aygıtlarının küreselleşme tarafından oluşturulan çoklu modernleşme modeli vasıtasıyla dinin üzerindeki hegomanik etkisinin kırıldığı dolayısıyla hem kurumsal dinin hem de yerel dinlerin küreselleşme ve küyerelleşme ile el ele gittiği ve sosyal iletişimin alt sistemlerini etkilediği iddia edilmektedir. Söz konusu iddianın sahibi olan Robertson, insanların kendilerinin ve toplumlarının temellerini göreceleştirmelerine ve yeniden keşfetmelerine neden olan bir dini canlanmanın küreselleşme ile olan etkileşiminden söz etmektedir. Dolayısıyla Robertson küreselleşme ile birlikte dini canlanmanın, geleneksel olarak iddia edildiği gibi homojen bir yapıda olmadığını savunmuştur. Bu savunuya göre yerelliğin öz dinamikleri üzerinden canlanan dindarlık refleksleri modernleşme ve küreselleşme karşıtı hareketin bir ifadesi değil, küreselleşme tarafından yönlendirilen reflekslerdir. Buradaki tespitten hareketle bu makale, genel olarak küreselleşme teorileri içinde önemli bir yer ihdas eden Roland Robertson’ın teorisini esas alarak küreselleşme ve din üzerine yapılan tartışmalarda dinin gelecekteki pozisyonuna ışık tutmayı hedeflemektedir. Bununla beraber Robertsoncu teoriyi geleneksel din sosyolojisi teorileriyle karşılaştırmalı olarak konumlandırmak ve bu teorinin küreselleşme olgusunun açılımları dahilinde din sosyolojisine kattığı bilimsel nitelik potansiyelini açığa çıkartmaya çalışmak bu makalenin amaçları arasındadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Roland Robertson Küreselleşme Küyerelleşme Desekülarizasyon Dini canlanma
Kaynakça
- Appadurai, Arjun. Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of Globalization, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
- Bauman, Zygmunt. Globalization: The Human Consequences. Columbia University Press, 1998.
- Berger, Peter L. “The Secularization of the World. a Global Overview”, The desecularization of the World. Resurgent Religion and world Politic,Washington D.C. Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1999.
- Beyer, Peter. Religion and Globalization, London: SAGE Publications. 1994.
- Casanova, José. “Cosmopolitanism, the Clash of Civilizations and Multiple Modernities” Current Sociology. 59/2, (2011), 252-267.
- Dobbelaere, Karel. “Secularization: A Multi-dimensional Concept,” Current Sociology 29/2. 1981, 1-213;
- Featherstone, Mike. “Whither Globalization? An Interview with Roland Robertson”, Special Section on Global Culture Revisited, Theory, Culture & Society Annual Review, 37/7-8, (2020), 6-9.
- Garrett, William R. “Thinking Religion in the Global Circumstance: A Critique of Roland Robertson’s Globalization Theory.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31/3, (Autumn 1992), 297–303.
- Giddens, Anthony. Modernliğin Sonuçları, Çeviri: Ersin Kuşdil, İstanbul: Ayrıntı. 1998.
- Habermas, Jürgen. “The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article”, New German Critique, Autumn/3, (1974). 49-55.
- Habermas, Jürgen-Ratzinger, Joseph. The Dialectics of Secularization: On Reason and Religion, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005.
- Hervieu –Leger, Danielle. French Catholicism: The End of a World, Paris, Bayard, 2003.
- Kepel, Gilles. The Revenge of God: The Resurgence of Islam, Christianity and Judaism in the Modern World.
- Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992.
- Doğan, Lütfü. “Küreselleşme, Avrupa Entegrasyonu ve Genişleme”. Praksis 51 (2019), 33-49.
- Meyer, David R. “The World System of Cities: Relations between International Financial Metropolises and South American Cities.” Social Forces 64/3 (1986): 553–81.
- Meyer, John W. “The World Polity and the Authority of the Nation-State." Chapter 6 in Albert Bergesen ed., Studies of the Modem World-System. New York: Academic Press, 1980.
- Pace, Enzo. "Globalization and The Conflict of Values in Middle Eastern Societies". In Religion, Globalization, and Culture, (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2007).
- Payne, Anthony “Globalization and Modes of Regionalist Governance. In”, Pierre, Jon (ed.): Debating Governance: Authority, Steering and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, 201-218.
- Robertson, Roland and Chirico, JoAnn. “Humanity, Globalization, and Worldwide Religious Resurgence: A Theoretical Exploration”, Sociological Analysis, 46/3, (September 1985), 219-220.
- Robertson, Roland. "Mapping the Global Condition: Globalization as the Central Concept", Mike Featherstone (Ed.), Global Culture, Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity, London: Sage Publications, 1990, 15-30.
- Robertson, Roland. “From Secularization to Globalization,” Journal of Oriental Studies 26: (January 1987) 1- 17
- Robertson, Roland. “Globalization, Politics, and Religion,” James A. Beckford and Thomas Luckmann (eds.), Changing Face of Religion, London: Sage, 1989.
- Robertson, Roland. “Roland Robertson”, Globalizations, 11:4, (Autumn 2014) 447-459.
- Robertson, Roland. “The Sociology of Religion: Problems and Desiderata”, Religion, (Autumn 1971), 109-126.
- Robertson, Roland. Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, London: Sage Publications, 1992.
- Robertson, Roland. Religion and Global Order, St. Paul: Paragon House, 1991.
- Robertson, Roland. “Din ve Küresel Alan”, çev. İhsan Çapçıoğlu, AÜİFD 17/2 (2003), 264-265.
- Scholte, Jan Aart. Globalization: A Critical Introduction, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
- Turner, Bryan S. “The Concept of ‘The World’ in Sociology: A Commentary on Roland Robertson’s Theory of Globalization.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, vol. 31/3, (September 1992), 311-318.
- Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Modern World-System. New York: Academic Press, 1974.
- Waters, Malcolm. Globalization, Routledge, 2nd ed., 2000.
Öz
Since the 1990s, some changes in classical sociological theories, especially in secularisation theories, have been pointed out by many social scientists working on the concept of globalization and multiple modernities. According to these theories, the hegemonial influence of the secularising apparatuses on religion, as seen in the classical model of Western modernity, has been disrupted by the multiple model of modernity created by globalization. As a result, both institutional religion and local religions go hand in hand with globalization and multilocalization, affecting the subsystems of social communication. Robertson, the author of this claim, speaks of the interaction of a religious revival with globalization that causes people to relativize and rediscover the foundations of themselves and their societies. Thus, Robertson argues that the religious revival with globalization is not homogeneous as traditionally claimed. According to this argument, the reflexes of religiosity that are revived through the core dynamics of locality are not an expression of the anti-modernisation and anti-globalization movement, but reflexes driven by globalization. From this point of view, this article focuses on Roland Robertson’s theory, which occupies an important place in globalization theories in general and aims to clarify the future position of religion in the debates on globalization and religion. Furthermore, it aims to position Robertson’s theory in relation to the traditional theories of the sociology of religion and to try to grasp the potential of scientific quality that this theory adds to the sociology of religion within the expansions of the phenomenon of globalization.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Roland Robertson Globalization Glokalization Desecularization Religious Revival
Kaynakça
- Appadurai, Arjun. Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of Globalization, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
- Bauman, Zygmunt. Globalization: The Human Consequences. Columbia University Press, 1998.
- Berger, Peter L. “The Secularization of the World. a Global Overview”, The desecularization of the World. Resurgent Religion and world Politic,Washington D.C. Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1999.
- Beyer, Peter. Religion and Globalization, London: SAGE Publications. 1994.
- Casanova, José. “Cosmopolitanism, the Clash of Civilizations and Multiple Modernities” Current Sociology. 59/2, (2011), 252-267.
- Dobbelaere, Karel. “Secularization: A Multi-dimensional Concept,” Current Sociology 29/2. 1981, 1-213;
- Featherstone, Mike. “Whither Globalization? An Interview with Roland Robertson”, Special Section on Global Culture Revisited, Theory, Culture & Society Annual Review, 37/7-8, (2020), 6-9.
- Garrett, William R. “Thinking Religion in the Global Circumstance: A Critique of Roland Robertson’s Globalization Theory.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31/3, (Autumn 1992), 297–303.
- Giddens, Anthony. Modernliğin Sonuçları, Çeviri: Ersin Kuşdil, İstanbul: Ayrıntı. 1998.
- Habermas, Jürgen. “The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article”, New German Critique, Autumn/3, (1974). 49-55.
- Habermas, Jürgen-Ratzinger, Joseph. The Dialectics of Secularization: On Reason and Religion, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2005.
- Hervieu –Leger, Danielle. French Catholicism: The End of a World, Paris, Bayard, 2003.
- Kepel, Gilles. The Revenge of God: The Resurgence of Islam, Christianity and Judaism in the Modern World.
- Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992.
- Doğan, Lütfü. “Küreselleşme, Avrupa Entegrasyonu ve Genişleme”. Praksis 51 (2019), 33-49.
- Meyer, David R. “The World System of Cities: Relations between International Financial Metropolises and South American Cities.” Social Forces 64/3 (1986): 553–81.
- Meyer, John W. “The World Polity and the Authority of the Nation-State." Chapter 6 in Albert Bergesen ed., Studies of the Modem World-System. New York: Academic Press, 1980.
- Pace, Enzo. "Globalization and The Conflict of Values in Middle Eastern Societies". In Religion, Globalization, and Culture, (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2007).
- Payne, Anthony “Globalization and Modes of Regionalist Governance. In”, Pierre, Jon (ed.): Debating Governance: Authority, Steering and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, 201-218.
- Robertson, Roland and Chirico, JoAnn. “Humanity, Globalization, and Worldwide Religious Resurgence: A Theoretical Exploration”, Sociological Analysis, 46/3, (September 1985), 219-220.
- Robertson, Roland. "Mapping the Global Condition: Globalization as the Central Concept", Mike Featherstone (Ed.), Global Culture, Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity, London: Sage Publications, 1990, 15-30.
- Robertson, Roland. “From Secularization to Globalization,” Journal of Oriental Studies 26: (January 1987) 1- 17
- Robertson, Roland. “Globalization, Politics, and Religion,” James A. Beckford and Thomas Luckmann (eds.), Changing Face of Religion, London: Sage, 1989.
- Robertson, Roland. “Roland Robertson”, Globalizations, 11:4, (Autumn 2014) 447-459.
- Robertson, Roland. “The Sociology of Religion: Problems and Desiderata”, Religion, (Autumn 1971), 109-126.
- Robertson, Roland. Globalization: Social Theory and Global Culture, London: Sage Publications, 1992.
- Robertson, Roland. Religion and Global Order, St. Paul: Paragon House, 1991.
- Robertson, Roland. “Din ve Küresel Alan”, çev. İhsan Çapçıoğlu, AÜİFD 17/2 (2003), 264-265.
- Scholte, Jan Aart. Globalization: A Critical Introduction, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
- Turner, Bryan S. “The Concept of ‘The World’ in Sociology: A Commentary on Roland Robertson’s Theory of Globalization.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, vol. 31/3, (September 1992), 311-318.
- Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Modern World-System. New York: Academic Press, 1974.
- Waters, Malcolm. Globalization, Routledge, 2nd ed., 2000.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Din Araştırmaları |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 1 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Temmuz 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 28 Mart 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 |
Türkiye İlahiyat Araştrımaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.