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DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 225 - 239, 19.12.2023

Öz

Introduction: The study was conducted to determine the effects of COVID-19 on prenatal distress and risk perception in pregnancy.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by using a web-based online questionnaire. A total of 202 pregnant women participated in the study. All volunteer pregnant women who came to the outpatient clinic between June and September 2020 were included in the study. The pregnant women admitting to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of the Health Practice and Research Hospital due to routine follow-up were included in the study. In the data collection, firstly, the telephones of those who agreed to participate in the study were recorded. Then, a questionnaire link was sent to the telephones of these pregnant women over WhatsApp, and they were asked to fill in it. The Pregnant Information Form, Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire and Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire were used as the data collection tools. There were three parts in the link. The first part included Pregnant Information Form, the second part included NuPDQ and PPRQ to evaluate the pre-pandemia status, and the third part included NuPDQ and PPRQ to evaluate their status in the pandemia process. An explanatory text was added to the second part of the questionnaire link, which stated that they should respond by considering their pre-pandemia status. In the third part, another explanatory text was added
stating that they must respond according to the pandemia process they were in.
Results: The second measurement (during covid-19) values of Perception of Pregnancy Risk Questionnaire-Total and Sub-dimension scores and Concerns of the pregnant women about the healthcare quality and health status were statistically higher than the initial measurement (before covid-19) values. In the study, the distress level was found to increase as the perception risk increased in pregnancy. It was also determined that pregnant women who had living children felt more risk before and during the pandemia than those who had no children at all, and this risk perception score increased at significant levels during the pandemia.
Conclusion: The strategies aiming at maternal stress, such as providing effective communication and psychological assistance, can be particularly useful for women and their fetuses to avoid negative outcomes.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Akhtarul I, Dey SB, Raihan H, Alam NK, Hossain T. Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2020;15:e0238162.
  • 2. Matvienko-Sikar K, Meedya S, Ravaldi C. Perinatal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women and Birth 2020;33:309–310.
  • 3. Desdicioğlu R, Filiz YA. Covid-19 and pregnancy. Ankara Med J 2020:482–487.
  • 4. Mendilcioğlu İ. About Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) during pregnancy opinion. Türkiye Matern Fetal Tıp ve Perinatoloji Derneği 2020 (Accessed June 20, https://www.tmftp.org/files/Duyurular/1.bilgilendirme.pdf.).
  • 5. Yan J, Guo J, Fan C, Juan J, Yu X, Li J, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: a report based on 116 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:111.e1-111.e14.
  • 6. Özcan H, Elkoca A, Yalçın Ö. COVID-19 infectıon and its effects on pregnancy. Anatol Clin 2020; 25:43–50.
  • 7. Fakari FR, Simbar M. Coronavirus pandemic and worries during pregnancy; a letter to editor. Arch Acad Emerg Med 2020; 8:e21.
  • 8. Liu X, Chen M, Wang Y, Sun L, Zhang J, Shi Y, et al. Prenatal anxiety and obstetric decisions among pregnant women in Wuhan and Chongqing during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 127:1229–1240.
  • 9. Thapa SB, Mainali A, Schwank SE, Acharya G. Maternal mental health in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99:817–818.
  • 10. Kahyaoglu Sut H, Kucukkaya B. Anxiety, depression, and related factors in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A web-based cross-sectional study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:860-868.
  • 11. Lebel C, MacKinnon A, Bagshawe M, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Giesbrecht G. Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:5–13.
  • 12. Nanjundaswamy MH, Shiva L, Desai G, Ganjekar S, Kishore T, Ram U, et al. COVID-19-related anxiety and concerns expressed by pregnant and postpartum women-a survey among obstetricians. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:787-790.
  • 13. Chen S, Zhuang J, Chen Q, Tan X. Psychological investigation on pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19 2020.
  • 14. Corbett GA, Milne SJ, Hehir MP, Lindow SW, O’connell MP. Health anxiety and behavioural changes of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 249:96–97.
  • 15. Shoib S, Arafat SMY, Ahmad W. Perinatal mental health in Kashmir, India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:1365–1366.
  • 16. Çankaya S, Yılmaz SD, Can R, Kodaz ND. Effect of postpartum depression on maternal attachment. Acibadem Univ Heal Sci J 2017; 4:232–240.
  • 17. Wu Y, Zhang C, Liu H, Duan C, Li C, Fan J, et al. Perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:240.e1-240.e9.
  • 18. Durankuş F, Aksu E. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study. J Matern Neonatal Med 2020;1–7.
  • 19. Yali AM, Lobel M. Coping and distress in pregnancy: An investigation of medically high risk women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 20:39–52.
  • 20. Yüksel F, Akin S, Durna Z. The Turkish adaptation of the “Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire”: A reliability/validity and factor analysis study. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing 2011; 8;43-51.
  • 21. Evcili F, Dağlar G. Perception of Pregnancy Risk Scale: Turkish validity and reliability study. Cukurova Med J Cukurova Med J 2019; 44:211–222.
  • 22. Coşkun AM, Okcu G, Arslan S. The impact of distress experienced during pregnancy on prenatal attachment. Perinatal Journal 2019;27:49–55.
  • 23. Yılmaz EB, Şahin E. Factors associated with prenatal distress levels of pregnant women. J Psychiatric Nurs 2019;10:197-203.
  • 24. Derya YA, Altıparmak S, Akça E, Gökbulut N, Yılmaz AN. Pregnancy and birth planning during COVID-19: The effects of tele-education offered to pregnant women on prenatal distress and pregnancy related anxiety. Midwifery 2021; 102877.
  • 25. Huizink AC, Delforterie MJ, Scheinin NM, Tolvanen M, Karlsson L, Karlsson H. Adaption of pregnancy anxiety questionnaire–revised for all pregnant women regardless of parity: PRAQ-R2. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:125–132.
  • 26. Mappa I, Distefano FA, Rizzo G. Effects of coronavirus 19 pandemic on maternal anxiety during pregnancy: a prospectic observational study. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:545–550.
  • 27. Effati-Daryani F, Zarei S, Mohammadi A, Hemmati E, Ghasemi Yngyknd S, Mirghafourvand M. Depression, stress, anxiety and their predictors in Iranian pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:99.
  • 28. Zhang Y, Muyiduli X, Wang S, Jiang W, Wu J, Li M, et al. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology Prevalence and relevant factors of anxiety and depression among pregnant women in a cohort study from south-east China. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2018; 36:519–529.
  • 29. Dağlar G, Nur N. The relationship between anxiety and depression level and coping styles with stress of pregnant women. Cumhur Med J 2014; 36:429–441.
  • 30. Çakır L, Can H. Relation between sociodemographic variables with the levels of depression and anxiety in pregnancy. J Turkish Fam Physician 2012; 3:35–42.
  • 31. Güler AA, Öztürk MA. COVID-19 in chronic diseases. Gazi Med J 2020; 31:266–270.
  • 32. Haybar H, Kazemnia K, Rahim F. Underlying chronic disease and COVID-19 infection: A State-of-the-art review. Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care 2020; 9.
  • 33. Moyer CA, Compton SD, Kaselitz E, Muzik M. Pregnancy-related anxiety during COVID-19: a nationwide survey of 2740 pregnant women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:757-765.

COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNİN GEBELİKTE DOĞUM ÖNCESİ DİSTRES VE RİSK ALGISI ÜZERİNDE ETKİSİ VAR MI?

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 225 - 239, 19.12.2023

Öz

Giriş: Çalışma, COVID-19'un gebelikte doğum öncesi distres ve risk algısı üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma web tabanlı çevrimiçi bir anket kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya toplam 202 gebe katılmıştır. Çalışmaya Haziran-Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniğine rutin takip nedeniyle başvuran tüm gönüllü gebeler dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında öncelikle araştırmaya katılmayı kabul edenlerin telefonları kayıt altına alınmıştır. Daha sonra bu gebelerin telefonlarına WhatsApp üzerinden anket linki gönderilerek, bu linki doldurmaları istenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Gebe Bilgi Formu, Revize Edilmiş Prenatal Distres Ölçeği ve Gebelik Risk Algısı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler üç bölümde toplanmıştır. Birinci
bölümde Gebe Bilgi Formu, ikinci bölümde pandemi öncesi durumu değerlendirmek için NuPDQ ve PPRQ, üçüncü bölümde ise pandemi sürecindeki durumlarını değerlendirmek için NuPDQ ve PPRQ yer almıştır. Anket bağlantısının ikinci kısmına pandemi öncesi durumlarını dikkate alarak yanıt vermeleri gerektiğini belirten açıklayıcı bir metin eklenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise içinde bulundukları pandemi sürecine göre tepki vermeleri gerektiğini belirten açıklayıcı bir metin eklenmiştir.
Bulgular: Gebelik Risk Algısı Ölçeği-Toplam ve Alt Boyut puanları ile gebelerin sağlık kalitesi ve sağlık durumu ile ilgili endişelerinin ikinci ölçüm (covid-19 sırasında) değerleri ilk ölçümden (covid-19 öncesi) istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Araştırmada gebelikte risk algısı arttıkça distres düzeyinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Yaşayan çocuğu olan gebelerin, pandemi öncesi ve pandemi sırasında, hiç çocuğu olmayanlara göre daha fazla risk hissettikleri ve bu risk algılama puanının pandemi sırasında anlamlı düzeyde arttığı belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Etkili iletişim ve psikolojik yardım sağlanması gibi maternal stresi hedefleyen stratejiler, kadınlar ve fetüsleri için olumsuz sonuçları önlemek için özellikle yararlı olabilir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Akhtarul I, Dey SB, Raihan H, Alam NK, Hossain T. Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2020;15:e0238162.
  • 2. Matvienko-Sikar K, Meedya S, Ravaldi C. Perinatal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women and Birth 2020;33:309–310.
  • 3. Desdicioğlu R, Filiz YA. Covid-19 and pregnancy. Ankara Med J 2020:482–487.
  • 4. Mendilcioğlu İ. About Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) during pregnancy opinion. Türkiye Matern Fetal Tıp ve Perinatoloji Derneği 2020 (Accessed June 20, https://www.tmftp.org/files/Duyurular/1.bilgilendirme.pdf.).
  • 5. Yan J, Guo J, Fan C, Juan J, Yu X, Li J, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: a report based on 116 cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:111.e1-111.e14.
  • 6. Özcan H, Elkoca A, Yalçın Ö. COVID-19 infectıon and its effects on pregnancy. Anatol Clin 2020; 25:43–50.
  • 7. Fakari FR, Simbar M. Coronavirus pandemic and worries during pregnancy; a letter to editor. Arch Acad Emerg Med 2020; 8:e21.
  • 8. Liu X, Chen M, Wang Y, Sun L, Zhang J, Shi Y, et al. Prenatal anxiety and obstetric decisions among pregnant women in Wuhan and Chongqing during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 127:1229–1240.
  • 9. Thapa SB, Mainali A, Schwank SE, Acharya G. Maternal mental health in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020; 99:817–818.
  • 10. Kahyaoglu Sut H, Kucukkaya B. Anxiety, depression, and related factors in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A web-based cross-sectional study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:860-868.
  • 11. Lebel C, MacKinnon A, Bagshawe M, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Giesbrecht G. Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:5–13.
  • 12. Nanjundaswamy MH, Shiva L, Desai G, Ganjekar S, Kishore T, Ram U, et al. COVID-19-related anxiety and concerns expressed by pregnant and postpartum women-a survey among obstetricians. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:787-790.
  • 13. Chen S, Zhuang J, Chen Q, Tan X. Psychological investigation on pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19 2020.
  • 14. Corbett GA, Milne SJ, Hehir MP, Lindow SW, O’connell MP. Health anxiety and behavioural changes of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 249:96–97.
  • 15. Shoib S, Arafat SMY, Ahmad W. Perinatal mental health in Kashmir, India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:1365–1366.
  • 16. Çankaya S, Yılmaz SD, Can R, Kodaz ND. Effect of postpartum depression on maternal attachment. Acibadem Univ Heal Sci J 2017; 4:232–240.
  • 17. Wu Y, Zhang C, Liu H, Duan C, Li C, Fan J, et al. Perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:240.e1-240.e9.
  • 18. Durankuş F, Aksu E. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study. J Matern Neonatal Med 2020;1–7.
  • 19. Yali AM, Lobel M. Coping and distress in pregnancy: An investigation of medically high risk women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 20:39–52.
  • 20. Yüksel F, Akin S, Durna Z. The Turkish adaptation of the “Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire”: A reliability/validity and factor analysis study. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing 2011; 8;43-51.
  • 21. Evcili F, Dağlar G. Perception of Pregnancy Risk Scale: Turkish validity and reliability study. Cukurova Med J Cukurova Med J 2019; 44:211–222.
  • 22. Coşkun AM, Okcu G, Arslan S. The impact of distress experienced during pregnancy on prenatal attachment. Perinatal Journal 2019;27:49–55.
  • 23. Yılmaz EB, Şahin E. Factors associated with prenatal distress levels of pregnant women. J Psychiatric Nurs 2019;10:197-203.
  • 24. Derya YA, Altıparmak S, Akça E, Gökbulut N, Yılmaz AN. Pregnancy and birth planning during COVID-19: The effects of tele-education offered to pregnant women on prenatal distress and pregnancy related anxiety. Midwifery 2021; 102877.
  • 25. Huizink AC, Delforterie MJ, Scheinin NM, Tolvanen M, Karlsson L, Karlsson H. Adaption of pregnancy anxiety questionnaire–revised for all pregnant women regardless of parity: PRAQ-R2. Arch Womens Ment Health 2016; 19:125–132.
  • 26. Mappa I, Distefano FA, Rizzo G. Effects of coronavirus 19 pandemic on maternal anxiety during pregnancy: a prospectic observational study. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:545–550.
  • 27. Effati-Daryani F, Zarei S, Mohammadi A, Hemmati E, Ghasemi Yngyknd S, Mirghafourvand M. Depression, stress, anxiety and their predictors in Iranian pregnant women during the outbreak of COVID-19. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:99.
  • 28. Zhang Y, Muyiduli X, Wang S, Jiang W, Wu J, Li M, et al. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology Prevalence and relevant factors of anxiety and depression among pregnant women in a cohort study from south-east China. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2018; 36:519–529.
  • 29. Dağlar G, Nur N. The relationship between anxiety and depression level and coping styles with stress of pregnant women. Cumhur Med J 2014; 36:429–441.
  • 30. Çakır L, Can H. Relation between sociodemographic variables with the levels of depression and anxiety in pregnancy. J Turkish Fam Physician 2012; 3:35–42.
  • 31. Güler AA, Öztürk MA. COVID-19 in chronic diseases. Gazi Med J 2020; 31:266–270.
  • 32. Haybar H, Kazemnia K, Rahim F. Underlying chronic disease and COVID-19 infection: A State-of-the-art review. Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care 2020; 9.
  • 33. Moyer CA, Compton SD, Kaselitz E, Muzik M. Pregnancy-related anxiety during COVID-19: a nationwide survey of 2740 pregnant women. Arch Womens Ment Health 2020; 23:757-765.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hemşirelik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Tülay Bülbül 0000-0001-5166-0074

Rabiye Erenoğlu 0000-0003-3649-9336

Mehmet Dolanbay 0000-0002-8332-1568

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Bülbül, T., Erenoğlu, R., & Dolanbay, M. (2023). DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(3), 225-239.
AMA Bülbül T, Erenoğlu R, Dolanbay M. DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. Aralık 2023;4(3):225-239.
Chicago Bülbül, Tülay, Rabiye Erenoğlu, ve Mehmet Dolanbay. “DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?”. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 4, sy. 3 (Aralık 2023): 225-39.
EndNote Bülbül T, Erenoğlu R, Dolanbay M (01 Aralık 2023) DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 4 3 225–239.
IEEE T. Bülbül, R. Erenoğlu, ve M. Dolanbay, “DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?”, YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 3, ss. 225–239, 2023.
ISNAD Bülbül, Tülay vd. “DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?”. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 4/3 (Aralık 2023), 225-239.
JAMA Bülbül T, Erenoğlu R, Dolanbay M. DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;4:225–239.
MLA Bülbül, Tülay vd. “DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?”. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 225-39.
Vancouver Bülbül T, Erenoğlu R, Dolanbay M. DOES COVID-19 PANDEMIA HAVE AN EFFECT ON PRENATAL DISTRESS AND RISK PERCEPTION IN PREGNANCY?. YOBÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;4(3):225-39.