Research Article
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Quality of sleep and depression in family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 25.03.2024

Türkan Cengiz Mahcube Cubukcu Nur Şimşek Yurt Seçil Müderrisoğlu Bekir Şahin

https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1288672

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the depression symptoms and quality of sleep of palliative care patients’ family caregivers.
Methods: A total of 120 patients were hospitalized at the palliative care center and primary caregivers were included. Depression symptoms of caregivers was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and quality of sleep with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
Results: The mean age of 120 caregivers included in the study was 47.2±12.8 years. The mean BDI score was 10.4±7.2, and the mean PSQI score was 4.6±2.9. Significantly higher rates of depression symptoms were observed in singles than in married people (p=0.037). The healthy sleep rate of the patients whose caregiving period was 6-10 years was significantly lower (p=0.018). While 78.5% of those who received support from their families had a healthy sleep, this rate was 52.4% in those who did not receive support from their families (p=0.034). A significant difference was found between PSQI and BDI categories (p=0.004). People with moderate depressive symptoms were more likely to have poor sleep quality and long-term sleep disorders.
Conclusions: Family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care are at risk for poor sleep quality and depression symptoms. We think that the evaluation of these people in terms of the presence of depression symptoms and poor sleep quality may provide early intervention to alleviate the symptoms.

Keywords

palliative care depression caregivers sleep

Ethical Statement

The study protocol was approved by the Health Sciences University Samsun Training and Research Hospital Non-Invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee. (Ethics committee approval date: 20.07.2020 number: GOKA/2020/11/10). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.

Thanks

We want to thank the cancer patients’ family caregivers who participated in the study.

References

  • 1. Grosse J, Treml J, Kersting A. Impact of caregiver burden on mental health in bereaved caregivers of cancer patients: A systematic review. Psycho‐oncology. 2018;27(3):757-67.
  • 2. Lynch SH, Shuster G, Lobo ML. The family caregiver experience–examining the positive and negative aspects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue as caregiving outcomes. Aging & mental health. 2018;22(11):1424-31.
  • 3. Richardson AE, Morton RP, Broadbent EA. Illness perceptions and coping predict post-traumatic stress in caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(10):4443-50.
  • 4. Erkuran H, Altay B. The Effect of Care Burden on Coping with Stress in Persons Caring for Alzheimer’s Patient (in Turkish). J Health Serv Educ. 2015;3(2):52-8.
  • 5. Reblin M, Small B, Jim H, Weimer J, Sherwood P. Mediating burden and stress over time: caregivers of patients with primary brain tumor. Psychooncology. 2018;27(2):607-12.
  • 6. Cengiz Z, Turan M, Olmaz D, Erce C. Care burden and quality of life in family caregivers of palliative care patients (in Turkish). J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2021;7(1):50-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524256.2021.188884
  • 7. He Y, Sun LY, Peng KW, Luo MJ, Deng L, Tang T, You CX. Sleep quality, anxiety and depression in advanced lung cancer: patients and caregivers. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2022;12 (e2):e194- e200. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001684
  • 8. Carlson LE, Zelinski EL, Toivonen KI, Sundstorm L, Jobin CT, Damaskos P, et al. Prevalence of psychosocial distress in cancer patients across 55 North American cancer centers. Journal of psychosocial oncology. 2019;37(1):5-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2018.1521490
  • 9. Seow H, Stevens T, Barbera LC, Burge F, McGrail K, Chan KKW, et al. Trajectory of psychosocial symptoms among home care patients with cancer at end‐of‐life. Psycho‐Oncology. 2021;30(1):103-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5559
  • 10. Benson AB, D'Angelica MI, Abbott DE, et al. Guidelines Insights: Hepatobiliary Cancers. Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019;17(4):302-10. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2019.0019
  • 11. Noel CW, Sutradhar R, Zhao H, Delibasic V, Forner D, Irish JC, et al. Patient reported symptom burden as a predictor of emergency department use and unplanned hospitalization in head and neck cancer: A longitudinal population based study. J Clin Oncol 2021;39(6):675-84. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.01845
  • 12. Gibbins J, McCoubrie R, Kendrick AH, Senior-Smith G, Davies AN, Hanks GW. Sleep-wake disturbances in patients with advanced cancer and their family carers. J Pain Symptom Management. 2009;38(6):860-70.
  • 13. Hovland CA, Mallett CA. Positive aspects of family caregiving for older adults at end-of-life: a qualitative examination. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2021;17(1):64-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524256.2021.1888845
  • 14. Lafci D, Yildiz E, Fadime T, Karakaya D. Care burden in cancer patients and its effect on caregivers (in Turkish). Health Care Acad J 2020;7(2):105-13.
  • 15. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561-71.
  • 16. Hisli N. A reliability and validity study of Beck Depression Inventory in a university student sample. J Psychol. 1989;7:3-13.
  • 17. Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry research 1989;28(2):193-213.
  • 18. Agargun M. The validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Turk J Psychiatry 1996;7:107-15.
  • 19. Cebeci F, Bektas HA, Dag GS, Karazeybek E. Families as hospital care givers: A pilot in Turkey )in Turkish). J Nurs Edu Pract 2017;7(6):27-34. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n6p27
  • 20. Wadhwa D, Burman D, Swami N, et al: Quality of life and mental health in caregivers of outpatients with advanced cancer. Psychooncology 22:403-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.2104
  • 21. Washington KT, Pike KC, Demiris G, Oliver DP. Unique characteristics of informal hospice cancer caregiving. Support Care Cancer 2015;23:2121-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-014-2570-z
  • 22. Ndiok A, Ncama B. Assessment of palliative care needs of patients/families living with cancer in a developing country. Scand J Caring Sci 2018; 32(3):1215–26 https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12568
  • 23. Unsar S, Erol O, Ozdemir O. Caregiving burden, depression, and anxiety in family caregivers of patients with cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021;50:101882.
  • 24. Geng HM, Chuang DM, Yang F, Yang Y, Liu WM, Liu LH et al. Prevalence and determinants of depression in caregivers of cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 2018;97(39):e11863. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.00000000000011863
  • 25. Valero-Cantero I, Wa ̈rnberg J, Carrio ́n-Velasco Y, Martínez-Valeroe FJ, Casals C, Vazquez-Sanchez MA. Predictors of sleep disturbances in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer receiving home palliative care: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021;51:101807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101907
  • 26. Qan’ir Y, Guan T, Idiagbonya E. Quality of life among patients with cancer and their family caregivers in the Sub-Saharan region: A systematic review of quantitative studies. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022;2(3):e0000098. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000098
  • 27. Wang’ombe J, Kathungu B. Palliative Care recovery outcomes: nature of recovery outcomes among cancer patients in Nairobi and Nyeri counties, Kenya. J Health Med Nurs 2021; 6(2):1–12.
  • 28. Chen Qi, Terhorst L, Allison AL, Cheng H, Tsung A, Layshock M, et al. Sleep problems in advanced cancer patients and their caregivers: Who is disturbing whom? J Behav Med 2020;43: 614-22.
  • 29. Rigoni L, Bruhn RF, De Cicco R, Kanda JL, Matos LL. Quality of life impairment in patients with head and neck cancer and their caregivers: a comparative study. Brazil J. Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82(6):680–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.12.0
  • 30. Lee KC, Yiin JJ, Lin PC, Lu SH. Sleep disturbances and related factors among family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Psycho Oncol 2015;24(12):1632–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3816
  • 31. Cheng KK, Lee DT. Effects of pain, fatigue, insomnia, and mood disturbance on functional status and quality of life of elderly patients with cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011;78:127–37.
  • 32. Kim Y, Baker F, Spillers RL. Cancer caregivers’ quality of life: Effects of gender, relationship, and appraisal. J Pain Symptom Management 2007;34:294–304.
  • 33. Given B, Wyatt G, Given C, Sherwood P, Gift A, DeVoss D, Rahbar M. Burden and depression among caregivers of patients with cancer at the end of life. Oncol Nurs Forum.2004; 31:1105–17.
  • 34. Hamamci M, Bozkurt G, Karaaslan O, Buyukizmaz M, Inan LE. The evaluation of sleep quality of caregivers of dementia patients. Bozok Med J 2019;9 (4):88-93.
  • 35. Xu M, Zhou W, Yang L, Liu G, Chen L. Effect of palliative care on the anxiety, depression and sleep quality in primary caregivers of elderly patients with terminal cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021;13 (4):3738-44.

Palyatif bakım alan hastalara bakım veren aile üyelerinde uyku kalitesi ve depresyon

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 7, 25.03.2024

Türkan Cengiz Mahcube Cubukcu Nur Şimşek Yurt Seçil Müderrisoğlu Bekir Şahin

https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1288672

Abstract

Giriş: Çalışmamızda palyatif bakım servisinde yatan hastalara bakım veren aile üyelerinin depresyon semptomlarının ve uyku kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya, palyatif bakım merkezinde yatarak tedavi alan toplam 120 hastaya primer bakım veren bireyler dahil edildi. Bakım verenlerin depresyon belirtileri Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDI) ile, uyku kalitesi, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalite İndeksi (PUKİ) ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 120 bakım verenin yaş ortalaması 47,2 ±12,8 yıl idi. BDI ortalama puanı 10,4 ± 7,2, PUKİ ortalama puanı 4,6 ±2,9 idi. Bekarlarda evlilere göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek sıklıkta depresyon semptomları görülmüştü (p=0,037). Hastaya bakım verme süresi 6-10 yıl olanların sağlıklı uyku oranı belirgin düşüktü (p=0,018). Ailesinden destek alanların %78,5’i sağlıklı uykuya sahip iken, bu oran aileden destek almayanlarda %52,4’tü (p=0,034). Bakım verenlerin PUKİ ve BDI kategorileri arasında anlamlı istatistiksel ilişki saptandı (p=0,004). Orta şiddette depresif semptomlara sahip kişilerde kötü uyku kalitesi ve uzun süreli uyku bozuklukları görülme oranı yüksekti.
Sonuç: Palyatif bakım alan hastalara bakım veren aile üyeleri kötü uyku kalitesi ve depresyon açısından risk altındadır. Bu kişilerin depresyon semptomları varlığı ve düşük uyku kalitesi açısından değerlendirilmesinin, semptomları hafifletmek için erken müdahale imkanı sağlayabileceğini düşünmekteyiz.

Keywords

palyatif bakım depresyon bakım veren uyku

Ethical Statement

The study protocol was approved by the Health Sciences University Samsun Training and Research Hospital Non-Invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee. (Ethics committee approval date: 20.07.2020 number: GOKA/2020/11/10). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.

References

  • 1. Grosse J, Treml J, Kersting A. Impact of caregiver burden on mental health in bereaved caregivers of cancer patients: A systematic review. Psycho‐oncology. 2018;27(3):757-67.
  • 2. Lynch SH, Shuster G, Lobo ML. The family caregiver experience–examining the positive and negative aspects of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue as caregiving outcomes. Aging & mental health. 2018;22(11):1424-31.
  • 3. Richardson AE, Morton RP, Broadbent EA. Illness perceptions and coping predict post-traumatic stress in caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(10):4443-50.
  • 4. Erkuran H, Altay B. The Effect of Care Burden on Coping with Stress in Persons Caring for Alzheimer’s Patient (in Turkish). J Health Serv Educ. 2015;3(2):52-8.
  • 5. Reblin M, Small B, Jim H, Weimer J, Sherwood P. Mediating burden and stress over time: caregivers of patients with primary brain tumor. Psychooncology. 2018;27(2):607-12.
  • 6. Cengiz Z, Turan M, Olmaz D, Erce C. Care burden and quality of life in family caregivers of palliative care patients (in Turkish). J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care 2021;7(1):50-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524256.2021.188884
  • 7. He Y, Sun LY, Peng KW, Luo MJ, Deng L, Tang T, You CX. Sleep quality, anxiety and depression in advanced lung cancer: patients and caregivers. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2022;12 (e2):e194- e200. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001684
  • 8. Carlson LE, Zelinski EL, Toivonen KI, Sundstorm L, Jobin CT, Damaskos P, et al. Prevalence of psychosocial distress in cancer patients across 55 North American cancer centers. Journal of psychosocial oncology. 2019;37(1):5-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2018.1521490
  • 9. Seow H, Stevens T, Barbera LC, Burge F, McGrail K, Chan KKW, et al. Trajectory of psychosocial symptoms among home care patients with cancer at end‐of‐life. Psycho‐Oncology. 2021;30(1):103-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5559
  • 10. Benson AB, D'Angelica MI, Abbott DE, et al. Guidelines Insights: Hepatobiliary Cancers. Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019;17(4):302-10. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2019.0019
  • 11. Noel CW, Sutradhar R, Zhao H, Delibasic V, Forner D, Irish JC, et al. Patient reported symptom burden as a predictor of emergency department use and unplanned hospitalization in head and neck cancer: A longitudinal population based study. J Clin Oncol 2021;39(6):675-84. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.01845
  • 12. Gibbins J, McCoubrie R, Kendrick AH, Senior-Smith G, Davies AN, Hanks GW. Sleep-wake disturbances in patients with advanced cancer and their family carers. J Pain Symptom Management. 2009;38(6):860-70.
  • 13. Hovland CA, Mallett CA. Positive aspects of family caregiving for older adults at end-of-life: a qualitative examination. J Soc Work End Life Palliat Care. 2021;17(1):64-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/15524256.2021.1888845
  • 14. Lafci D, Yildiz E, Fadime T, Karakaya D. Care burden in cancer patients and its effect on caregivers (in Turkish). Health Care Acad J 2020;7(2):105-13.
  • 15. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561-71.
  • 16. Hisli N. A reliability and validity study of Beck Depression Inventory in a university student sample. J Psychol. 1989;7:3-13.
  • 17. Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry research 1989;28(2):193-213.
  • 18. Agargun M. The validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Turk J Psychiatry 1996;7:107-15.
  • 19. Cebeci F, Bektas HA, Dag GS, Karazeybek E. Families as hospital care givers: A pilot in Turkey )in Turkish). J Nurs Edu Pract 2017;7(6):27-34. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n6p27
  • 20. Wadhwa D, Burman D, Swami N, et al: Quality of life and mental health in caregivers of outpatients with advanced cancer. Psychooncology 22:403-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.2104
  • 21. Washington KT, Pike KC, Demiris G, Oliver DP. Unique characteristics of informal hospice cancer caregiving. Support Care Cancer 2015;23:2121-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-014-2570-z
  • 22. Ndiok A, Ncama B. Assessment of palliative care needs of patients/families living with cancer in a developing country. Scand J Caring Sci 2018; 32(3):1215–26 https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12568
  • 23. Unsar S, Erol O, Ozdemir O. Caregiving burden, depression, and anxiety in family caregivers of patients with cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021;50:101882.
  • 24. Geng HM, Chuang DM, Yang F, Yang Y, Liu WM, Liu LH et al. Prevalence and determinants of depression in caregivers of cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 2018;97(39):e11863. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.00000000000011863
  • 25. Valero-Cantero I, Wa ̈rnberg J, Carrio ́n-Velasco Y, Martínez-Valeroe FJ, Casals C, Vazquez-Sanchez MA. Predictors of sleep disturbances in caregivers of patients with advanced cancer receiving home palliative care: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2021;51:101807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2021.101907
  • 26. Qan’ir Y, Guan T, Idiagbonya E. Quality of life among patients with cancer and their family caregivers in the Sub-Saharan region: A systematic review of quantitative studies. PLOS Glob Public Health 2022;2(3):e0000098. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000098
  • 27. Wang’ombe J, Kathungu B. Palliative Care recovery outcomes: nature of recovery outcomes among cancer patients in Nairobi and Nyeri counties, Kenya. J Health Med Nurs 2021; 6(2):1–12.
  • 28. Chen Qi, Terhorst L, Allison AL, Cheng H, Tsung A, Layshock M, et al. Sleep problems in advanced cancer patients and their caregivers: Who is disturbing whom? J Behav Med 2020;43: 614-22.
  • 29. Rigoni L, Bruhn RF, De Cicco R, Kanda JL, Matos LL. Quality of life impairment in patients with head and neck cancer and their caregivers: a comparative study. Brazil J. Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82(6):680–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.12.0
  • 30. Lee KC, Yiin JJ, Lin PC, Lu SH. Sleep disturbances and related factors among family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Psycho Oncol 2015;24(12):1632–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3816
  • 31. Cheng KK, Lee DT. Effects of pain, fatigue, insomnia, and mood disturbance on functional status and quality of life of elderly patients with cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011;78:127–37.
  • 32. Kim Y, Baker F, Spillers RL. Cancer caregivers’ quality of life: Effects of gender, relationship, and appraisal. J Pain Symptom Management 2007;34:294–304.
  • 33. Given B, Wyatt G, Given C, Sherwood P, Gift A, DeVoss D, Rahbar M. Burden and depression among caregivers of patients with cancer at the end of life. Oncol Nurs Forum.2004; 31:1105–17.
  • 34. Hamamci M, Bozkurt G, Karaaslan O, Buyukizmaz M, Inan LE. The evaluation of sleep quality of caregivers of dementia patients. Bozok Med J 2019;9 (4):88-93.
  • 35. Xu M, Zhou W, Yang L, Liu G, Chen L. Effect of palliative care on the anxiety, depression and sleep quality in primary caregivers of elderly patients with terminal cancer. Am J Transl Res 2021;13 (4):3738-44.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Türkan Cengiz 0000-0001-8881-8322

Mahcube Cubukcu 0000-0003-4799-6848

Nur Şimşek Yurt 0000-0002-6585-9663

Seçil Müderrisoğlu 0000-0001-8802-5752

Bekir Şahin 0000-0003-1920-011X

Publication Date March 25, 2024
Submission Date June 19, 2023
Acceptance Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cengiz, T., Cubukcu, M., Şimşek Yurt, N., Müderrisoğlu, S., et al. (2024). Quality of sleep and depression in family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care. Family Practice and Palliative Care, 9(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1288672
AMA Cengiz T, Cubukcu M, Şimşek Yurt N, Müderrisoğlu S, Şahin B. Quality of sleep and depression in family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care. Fam Pract Palliat Care. March 2024;9(1):1-7. doi:10.22391/fppc.1288672
Chicago Cengiz, Türkan, Mahcube Cubukcu, Nur Şimşek Yurt, Seçil Müderrisoğlu, and Bekir Şahin. “Quality of Sleep and Depression in Family Caregivers of Patients Receiving Palliative Care”. Family Practice and Palliative Care 9, no. 1 (March 2024): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1288672.
EndNote Cengiz T, Cubukcu M, Şimşek Yurt N, Müderrisoğlu S, Şahin B (March 1, 2024) Quality of sleep and depression in family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care. Family Practice and Palliative Care 9 1 1–7.
IEEE T. Cengiz, M. Cubukcu, N. Şimşek Yurt, S. Müderrisoğlu, and B. Şahin, “Quality of sleep and depression in family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care”, Fam Pract Palliat Care, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2024, doi: 10.22391/fppc.1288672.
ISNAD Cengiz, Türkan et al. “Quality of Sleep and Depression in Family Caregivers of Patients Receiving Palliative Care”. Family Practice and Palliative Care 9/1 (March 2024), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1288672.
JAMA Cengiz T, Cubukcu M, Şimşek Yurt N, Müderrisoğlu S, Şahin B. Quality of sleep and depression in family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2024;9:1–7.
MLA Cengiz, Türkan et al. “Quality of Sleep and Depression in Family Caregivers of Patients Receiving Palliative Care”. Family Practice and Palliative Care, vol. 9, no. 1, 2024, pp. 1-7, doi:10.22391/fppc.1288672.
Vancouver Cengiz T, Cubukcu M, Şimşek Yurt N, Müderrisoğlu S, Şahin B. Quality of sleep and depression in family caregivers of patients receiving palliative care. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2024;9(1):1-7.
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Family Practice and Palliative Care       ISSN 2458-8865       E-ISSN 2459-1505