Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Antibody responses of COVID-19 patients according to symptoms and the presence of pneumonia

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 36 - 40, 31.05.2022

Ramazan Korkusuz Faruk Karandere

https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1049314

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study was to examine the 30-day total SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity in patients across a clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to pneumonia.

Methods: This prospective cohort study consisted of 51 consecutive patients who were RT-PCR positive and diagnosed COVID-19 pneumonia (Group 1) and 58 consecutive patients who were also RT-PCR positive but were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms (Group 2). On the 30th day from the date of symptom onset, the patients were called for examination and blood samples were taken for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Results: Patients with pneumonia, fever, muscle pain, and loss of taste and smell had significantly higher rates of antibody positivity (p= 0.001, 0.003, 0.030, and 0.018, respectively). Antibody positivity was found to be significantly higher in patients with at least one symptom on admission compared to asymptomatic patients (p = 0.001). While the antibody positivity rate was 96.1% in Group 1 (patients with pneumonia), it was 50% in Group 2 (patients without pneumonia), and 77.7% in patients with at least one symptom on admission compared to 33.3% in asymptomatic patients (p=0.001).

Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have significantly higher disease-specific total antibody positivity rates than patients without pneumonia. Considering the 50% antibody positivity in patients who had COVID-19 infection who were asymptomatic or had symptoms other than pneumonia, the issue of COVID-19 re-infection and immunity is much more important than it appears. 

Keywords

COVID-19 pneumonia antibody SARS-CoV-2

Thanks

The authors thank all the participants for their cooperation in this study.

References

  • 1. World Health Organization Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) weekly epidemiological update. Available at:. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200907-weekly-epi-update-4.pdf?sfvrsn=f5f607ee_2 (Access date: September 17, 2021)
  • 2. Corman VM, Albarrak AM, Omrani AS, Albarrak MM, Farah ME, Almasri M, et al . Viral shedding and antibody response in 37 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(4):77-83. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ951
  • 3. Li G, Chen X, Xu A. Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS-associated coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(5):8-9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200307313490520
  • 4. Hsueh PR, Huang LM, Chen PJ, Kao CL, Yang PC. Chronological evolution of IgM, IgA, IgG and neutralisation antibodies after infection with SARS-associated coronavirus. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004;10(12):62-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01009.x
  • 5. Park WB, Perera RAPM, Choe PG, Lau EHY, Choi SJ, Chun JY, et al. Kinetics of serologic responses to MERS coronavirus infection in humans, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(12):86-9. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2112.151421
  • 6. Drosten C, Meyer B, Muller MA, Corman VM, Almasri M, Hossain R, et al. Transmission of MERS-coronavirus in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(9):28-35. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1405858
  • 7. Meyer B, Drosten C, Muller MA. Serological assays for emerging coronaviruses: challenges and pitfalls. Virus Res. 2014;194:75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.03.018
  • 8. Ibarrondo FJ, Fulcher JA, Goodman-Meza D, Elliott J, Hofmann C, Hausner MA, et al. Rapid decay of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in persons with mild Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(11):85-7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2025179
  • 9. Cao WC, Liu W, Zhang PH, Zhang F, Richardus JH. Disappearance of antibodies to SARS-associated coronavirus after recovery. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(11):62-3. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc070348
  • 10. Chang SC, Wang JT, Huang LM, Chen YC, Fang CT, Sheng WH, et al. Longitudinal analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-specific antibody in SARS patients. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005;12(12):55-7. https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.12.1455-1457.2005
  • 11. Long QX, Liu BZ, Deng HJ, Wu GC, Deng K, Chen YK, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020;26(6):45-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1
  • 12. Imai K, Tabata S, Ikeda M, Noguchi S, Kitagawa Y, Matuoka M, et al. Clinical evaluation of an immunochromatographic IgM/IgG antibody assay and chest computed tomography for the diagnosis of COVID-19. J Clin Virol 2020;128:104393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j-jcv.2020.104393
  • 13. Sample size calculator .https://clincalc.com/stats/samplesize.aspx. (Access date: September 17, 2021)
  • 14. Xiang F, Wang X, He X, Peng Z, Yang B, Zhang J, et al. Antibody detection and dynamic characteristics in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(8):30-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa461
  • 15. To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS, Tam AR, Wu TC, Lung DC, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(5):65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1
  • 16. Wang Y, Zhang L, Sang L, Ye F, Ruan S, Zhong B, et al. Kinetics of viral load and antibody response in relation to COVID-19 severity. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(10):35-44. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI138759
  • 17. Hou H, Wang T, Zhang B, Luo Y, Mao L, Wang F, et al. Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Transl Immunology. 2020;9(5):e01136. https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1136
  • 18. Phipps WS, SoRelle JA, Li QZ, Mahimainathan L, Araj E, Markantonis J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses do not predict COVID-19 disease severity. Am J Clin Pathol. 2020;154(4):59-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa123
  • 19. Chen Y, Ke Y, Liu X, Wang Z, Jia R, Liu W, et al. Clinical features and antibody response of patients from a COVID-19 treatment hospital in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol. 2021;93(5):82-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26617
  • 20. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
  • 21. Garcia-Beltran WF, Lam EC, Astudillo MG, Yang D, Miller TE, Feldman J, et al. COVID-19-neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival. Cell. 2021;184(2):76-88.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.015
  • 22. Woodruff MC, Ramonell RP, Nguyen DC, Cashman KS, Saini AS, Haddad NS, et al. Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity in COVID-19. Nat Immunol. 2020;21(12):06-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-00814-z

COVID-19 hastalarının semptomlarına ve pnömoni varlığına göre antikor tepkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 36 - 40, 31.05.2022

Ramazan Korkusuz Faruk Karandere

https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1049314

Abstract

Giriş: Klinik spektrumu asemptomatik hastalardan pnömonili hastalara kadar değişen hastalarda 30. gün total SARS-CoV-2 antikor pozitifliğini incelemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntem: Bu prospektif kohort çalışması, RT-PCR pozitif olan ve COVID-19 pnömonisi teşhisi konan 51 hastadan(Grup 1) ve aynı zamanda RT-PCR pozitif olan ancak asemptomatik veya hafif semptomları olan 58 hastadan (Grup 2) oluşmaktadır. Semptomların başladığı tarihten itibaren 30. günde hastalar kontrole çağrılarak SARS-CoV-2 antikorlarının tespiti için kan örnekleri alındı.

Bulgular: Pnömoni, ateş, kas ağrısı, tat ve koku kaybı olan hastalarda antikor pozitiflik oranları anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (sırasıyla p= 0.001, 0.003, 0.030 ve 0.018). Başvuru anında en az bir semptomu olan hastalarda antikor pozitifliği asemptomatik hastalara göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p=0.001). Antikor pozitiflik oranı Grup 1'de (pnömonili hastalar) %96.1, Grup 2'de (pnömonisi olmayan hastalar) %50 ve başvuru anında en az bir semptomu olan hastalarda %77.7 iken asemptomatik hastalarda %33.3 idi(p=0.001).

Sonuç: COVID-19 pnömonisi olan hastalar pnömonisi olmayan hastalardan önemli ölçüde daha yüksek total antikor pozitiflik oranlarına sahiptir. Asemptomatik veya pnömoni dışında semptomları olan COVID-19 enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda %50 antikor pozitifliği göz önüne alındığında, COVID-19'un re-enfeksiyonu ve immunitesi göründüğünden çok daha önemlidir.

Keywords

COVID-19 pnomoni antikor SARS-CoV-2

References

  • 1. World Health Organization Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) weekly epidemiological update. Available at:. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200907-weekly-epi-update-4.pdf?sfvrsn=f5f607ee_2 (Access date: September 17, 2021)
  • 2. Corman VM, Albarrak AM, Omrani AS, Albarrak MM, Farah ME, Almasri M, et al . Viral shedding and antibody response in 37 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(4):77-83. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ951
  • 3. Li G, Chen X, Xu A. Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS-associated coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(5):8-9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200307313490520
  • 4. Hsueh PR, Huang LM, Chen PJ, Kao CL, Yang PC. Chronological evolution of IgM, IgA, IgG and neutralisation antibodies after infection with SARS-associated coronavirus. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004;10(12):62-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01009.x
  • 5. Park WB, Perera RAPM, Choe PG, Lau EHY, Choi SJ, Chun JY, et al. Kinetics of serologic responses to MERS coronavirus infection in humans, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(12):86-9. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2112.151421
  • 6. Drosten C, Meyer B, Muller MA, Corman VM, Almasri M, Hossain R, et al. Transmission of MERS-coronavirus in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(9):28-35. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1405858
  • 7. Meyer B, Drosten C, Muller MA. Serological assays for emerging coronaviruses: challenges and pitfalls. Virus Res. 2014;194:75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.03.018
  • 8. Ibarrondo FJ, Fulcher JA, Goodman-Meza D, Elliott J, Hofmann C, Hausner MA, et al. Rapid decay of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in persons with mild Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(11):85-7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2025179
  • 9. Cao WC, Liu W, Zhang PH, Zhang F, Richardus JH. Disappearance of antibodies to SARS-associated coronavirus after recovery. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(11):62-3. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc070348
  • 10. Chang SC, Wang JT, Huang LM, Chen YC, Fang CT, Sheng WH, et al. Longitudinal analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-specific antibody in SARS patients. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005;12(12):55-7. https://doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.12.12.1455-1457.2005
  • 11. Long QX, Liu BZ, Deng HJ, Wu GC, Deng K, Chen YK, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat Med. 2020;26(6):45-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1
  • 12. Imai K, Tabata S, Ikeda M, Noguchi S, Kitagawa Y, Matuoka M, et al. Clinical evaluation of an immunochromatographic IgM/IgG antibody assay and chest computed tomography for the diagnosis of COVID-19. J Clin Virol 2020;128:104393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j-jcv.2020.104393
  • 13. Sample size calculator .https://clincalc.com/stats/samplesize.aspx. (Access date: September 17, 2021)
  • 14. Xiang F, Wang X, He X, Peng Z, Yang B, Zhang J, et al. Antibody detection and dynamic characteristics in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(8):30-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa461
  • 15. To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS, Tam AR, Wu TC, Lung DC, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(5):65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1
  • 16. Wang Y, Zhang L, Sang L, Ye F, Ruan S, Zhong B, et al. Kinetics of viral load and antibody response in relation to COVID-19 severity. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(10):35-44. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI138759
  • 17. Hou H, Wang T, Zhang B, Luo Y, Mao L, Wang F, et al. Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Transl Immunology. 2020;9(5):e01136. https://doi.org/10.1002/cti2.1136
  • 18. Phipps WS, SoRelle JA, Li QZ, Mahimainathan L, Araj E, Markantonis J, et al. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses do not predict COVID-19 disease severity. Am J Clin Pathol. 2020;154(4):59-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa123
  • 19. Chen Y, Ke Y, Liu X, Wang Z, Jia R, Liu W, et al. Clinical features and antibody response of patients from a COVID-19 treatment hospital in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol. 2021;93(5):82-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26617
  • 20. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
  • 21. Garcia-Beltran WF, Lam EC, Astudillo MG, Yang D, Miller TE, Feldman J, et al. COVID-19-neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival. Cell. 2021;184(2):76-88.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.015
  • 22. Woodruff MC, Ramonell RP, Nguyen DC, Cashman KS, Saini AS, Haddad NS, et al. Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity in COVID-19. Nat Immunol. 2020;21(12):06-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-00814-z
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Ramazan Korkusuz 0000-0002-9988-9596

Faruk Karandere 0000-0002-7423-0170

Publication Date May 31, 2022
Submission Date December 27, 2021
Acceptance Date April 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Korkusuz, R., & Karandere, F. (2022). Antibody responses of COVID-19 patients according to symptoms and the presence of pneumonia. Family Practice and Palliative Care, 7(2), 36-40. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1049314
AMA Korkusuz R, Karandere F. Antibody responses of COVID-19 patients according to symptoms and the presence of pneumonia. Fam Pract Palliat Care. May 2022;7(2):36-40. doi:10.22391/fppc.1049314
Chicago Korkusuz, Ramazan, and Faruk Karandere. “Antibody Responses of COVID-19 Patients According to Symptoms and the Presence of Pneumonia”. Family Practice and Palliative Care 7, no. 2 (May 2022): 36-40. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1049314.
EndNote Korkusuz R, Karandere F (May 1, 2022) Antibody responses of COVID-19 patients according to symptoms and the presence of pneumonia. Family Practice and Palliative Care 7 2 36–40.
IEEE R. Korkusuz and F. Karandere, “Antibody responses of COVID-19 patients according to symptoms and the presence of pneumonia”, Fam Pract Palliat Care, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 36–40, 2022, doi: 10.22391/fppc.1049314.
ISNAD Korkusuz, Ramazan - Karandere, Faruk. “Antibody Responses of COVID-19 Patients According to Symptoms and the Presence of Pneumonia”. Family Practice and Palliative Care 7/2 (May 2022), 36-40. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.1049314.
JAMA Korkusuz R, Karandere F. Antibody responses of COVID-19 patients according to symptoms and the presence of pneumonia. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2022;7:36–40.
MLA Korkusuz, Ramazan and Faruk Karandere. “Antibody Responses of COVID-19 Patients According to Symptoms and the Presence of Pneumonia”. Family Practice and Palliative Care, vol. 7, no. 2, 2022, pp. 36-40, doi:10.22391/fppc.1049314.
Vancouver Korkusuz R, Karandere F. Antibody responses of COVID-19 patients according to symptoms and the presence of pneumonia. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2022;7(2):36-40.
 Download Cover Image

Family Practice and Palliative Care       ISSN 2458-8865       E-ISSN 2459-1505