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Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia.

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 124 - 130, 16.09.2021

Burkay Yakar , Gamzecan Karakaya Erhan Önalan , Edibe Pirinçci , Emir Dönder

https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.704971

Öz

Introduction:: Anemia is one of the important public health problems plaguing the world today. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) constitutes the majority of this anemia population. This study aims to explore the relationship of IDA and socio-demographic, lifestyle, dietary, physical activity, and different body size phenotypes in the adult Turkish population
Methods: The case-control study was carried out between August and October 2019 at the internal medicine outpatient clinic of the tertiary hospital. A total of 101 anemic and 111 age and gender matched non-anemic healthy controls were included. Iron-deficiency anemia was defined as the presence of both anemia and inflammation-adjusted ferritin concentration less than 15 ng/ml. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and nutritional characteristics of the participants were questioned with a questionnaire form. The physical activity level of the participants was evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).
Results: Non-anemic 111 (90 female, 21 male) and anemic 101 (90 female, 11 male) participants were included in the study. Unemployment (p=0.02), tea consumption (p=0.001), chronic disease (p=0.036), physical activity (p<0.001) and dietary diversity (p<0.001) were significantly associated with anaemia. Body mass index of anemic participants were higher than non-anemic (p=0.025). Employment (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.024–7.721, p=0.045), physical activity (minimum) (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.053–0.364, p < 0.001), physical activity (active) (OR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.097–0.926, p= 0.036), tea consumption time (OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.767–11.059, p= 0.001), vegetables portion (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.433–0.869, p= 0.006), dairy products portion (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.334–0.886, p= 0.015) were independently associated with IDA.
Conclusions: Diet diversity, BMI, chronic disease, unemployment, physical activity, and tea consumption have been found to be factors associated with anemia. Food fortification and dietary education can contribute to improving iron status and reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia at the risk population.
Keywords: Iron-Deficiency Anemia; body mass index; lifestyle; diet; physical activity

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iron-Deficiency Anemia body mass index lifestyle diet physical activity

Kaynakça

  • 1. WHO. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011 (WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.1) (http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf, accessed [21.01.2020])
  • 2. Kassebaum NJ, Jasrasaria R, Naghavi M, Wulf SK, Johns N, Lozano R, et al. A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010. Blood. 2014;123(5):615-24. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-06-508325
  • 3. Culleton BF, Manns BJ, Zhang J, Tonelli M, Klarenbach S, Hemmelgarn BR. Impact of anemia on hospitalization and mortality in older adults. Blood. 2006;107(10):3841-6. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-10-4308
  • 4. Haider BA, Olofin I, Wang M, Spiegelman D, Ezzati M, Fawzi WW; Nutrition Impact Model Study Group (anaemia). Anaemia, prenatal iron use, and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f3443. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f3443
  • 5. Killip S, Bennett JM, Chambers MD. Iron deficiency anemia. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75(5):671-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17375513
  • 6. Li J, Xiao C, Yang H, Zhou Y, Wang R, Cao Y. Anemia and iron status among different body size phenotypes in Chinese adult population: a nation-wide, health and nutrition survey. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2018;185(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-1213-x
  • 7. Armah SM, Boy E, Chen D, Candal P, Reddy MB. Regular consumption of a high-phytate diet reduces the inhibitory effect of phytate on nonheme-iron absorption in women with suboptimal iron stores. J Nutr. 2015;145(8):1735-9. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.209957
  • 8. Vandevijvere S, Michels N, Verstraete S, Ferrari M, Leclercq C, Cuenca-García M, et al. Intake and dietary sources of haem and non-haem iron among European adolescents and their association with iron status and different lifestyle and socio-economic factors. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(7):765-72. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.100
  • 9. Blanco-Rojo R, Toxqui L, López-Parra AM, Baeza-Richer C, Pérez-Granados AM, Arroyo-Pardo E, Vaquero MP. Influence of diet, menstruation, and genetic factors on iron status: a cross-sectional study in Spanish women of childbearing age. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15(3):4077-87. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15034077
  • 10. Liu JM, Hankinson SE, Stampfer MJ, Rifai N, Willett WC, Ma J. Body iron stores and their determinants in healthy postmenopausal US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(6):1160-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.6.1160
  • 11. GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(1):13-27. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614362
  • 12. Ausk KJ, Ioannou GN. Is obesity associated with anemia of chronic disease? A population-based study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(10):2356-61. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.353
  • 13. Eckhardt CL, Torheim LE, Monterrubio E, Barquera S, Ruel MT. The overlap of overweight and anaemia among women in three countries undergoing the nutrition transition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(2):238-46. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602727
  • 14. Gillum RF. Association of serum ferritin and indices of body fat distribution and obesity in Mexican American men--the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(5):639-45. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801561
  • 15. Moayeri H, Bidad K, Zadhoush S, Gholami N, Anari S. Increasing prevalence of iron deficiency in overweight and obese children and adolescents (Tehran Adolescent Obesity Study). Eur J Pediatr. 2006;165(11):813–814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-006-
  • 16. Cepeda-Lopez AC, Osendarp SJ, Melse-Boonstra A, Aeberli I, Gonzalez-Salazar F, Feskens E, Villalpando S, Zimmermann MB. Sharply higher rates of iron deficiency in obese Mexican women and children are predicted by obesity-related inflammation rather than by differences in dietary iron intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(5):975-83. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.005439
  • 17. Jeon YJ, Jung IA, Kim SH, Cho WK, Jeong SH, Cho KS, Park SH, Jung MH, Suh BK. Serum ferritin level is higher in male adolescents with obesity: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2013;18(3):141-7. https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2013.18.3.141
  • 18. Andrews M, Soto N, Arredondo-Olguín M. Association between ferritin and hepcidin levels and inflammatory status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Nutrition. 2015;31(1):51-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.019
  • 19. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills 2010;111(1):278–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5
  • 20. Patient Monitoring Guide for dieticians / Weight Management Handbook. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, No: 1081, Ankara, 2017. [in Turkish]
  • 21. Zijp IM, Korver O, Tijburg LBM. Effect of tea and other dietary factors on iron absorption. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.2000;40(5):371-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690091189194
  • 22. Chalise B, Aryal KK, Mehta RK, Dhimal M, Sakota F, Mehata S, et al. Prevalence and correlates of anemia among adolescents in Nepal: Findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0208878. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208878
  • 23. Theurl I, Aigner E, Theurl M, Nairz M, Seifert M, Schroll A, et al. Regulation of iron homeostasis in anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Blood 2009; 113 (21): 5277–86. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-12-195651
  • 24. Mascitelli L, Goldstein MR. Inhibition of iron absorption by polyphenols as an anti-cancer mechanism. QJM. 2011;104(5):459-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcq239
  • 25. Ahmad Fuzi SF, Koller D, Bruggraber S, Pereira DI, Dainty JR, Mushtaq S. A 1-h time interval between a meal containing iron and consumption of tea attenuates the inhibitory effects on iron absorption: a controlled trial in a cohort of healthy UK women using a stable iron isotope. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106(6):1413-21. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.161364
  • 26. Al-alimi AA, Bashanfer S, Morish MA. Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among University Students in Hodeida Province, Yemen. Anemia 2018;2018:4157876. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4157876
  • 27. Hogenkamp P, Jerling J, Hoekstra T, Melse-Boonstra A, MacIntyre U. Association between consumption of black tea and iron status in adult Africans in the Northwest Province: The THUSA study. British J Nutr 2008;100(2):430-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711450889441X
  • 28. Cepeda-Lopez AC, Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB. Does obesity increase risk for iron deficiency? A review of the literature and the potential mechanisms. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2010;80(4-5): 263-70. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000033
  • 29. Abo Zeid AA, El Saka MH, Abdalfattah AA, Zineldeen DH. Potential factors contributing to poor iron status with obesity. Alexandria J Med 2014;50:45–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2013.
  • 30. Cepeda-Lopez AC, Aeberli I, Zhao L, Zhang X, ShenY, Fang X, et al. Obesity and iron deficiency: a quantitative meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015;16:1081–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12323
  • 31. Levi M, Simonetti M, Marconi E, Brignoli O, Cancian M, Masotti A, et al. Gender differences in determinants of iron-deficiency anemia: a population-based study conducted in four European countries. Ann Hematol 2019;98:1573–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-019-03707-w
  • 32. Hu PJ, Ley SH, Bhupathiraju SN, Li Y, Wang DD. Associations of dietary, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors with iron status in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105(2):503–12. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.136861
  • 33. Kokubo Y, Yokoyama Y, Kisara K, Ohira Y, Sunami A, Yoshizaki T, et al. Relationship between dietary factors and bodily iron status among Japanese collegiate elite female rhythmic gymnasts. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016;26(2): 105-13. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0123
  • 34. Jalambo M, Karim N, Naser I, Sharif R. Prevalence and risk factor analysis of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia among female adolescents in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Public Health Nutr 2018;21(15): 2793-802. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018001568
  • 35. Galan P, Yoon H, Preziosi P, Viteri F, Valeix P, Fieux B, et al. Determining factors in the iron status of adult women in the SU.VI.MAX study. Supplementation en vitamines et minéraux antioxydants. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998;52:383–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600561
  • 36. Felipe A, Guadalupe E, Druso P, Carlos M, Pablo S, Oscar C, et al. Serum ferritin is associated with metabolic syndrome and red meat consumption. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015;2015:769739. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155%2F2015%2F769739
  • 37. Heath AL, Skeaff CM, Williams S, Gibson RS. The role of blood loss and diet in the aetiology of mild iron deficiency in premenopausal adult New Zealand women. Public Health Nutr 2001;4:197–206. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn200054

Diyet, vücut kitle indeksi, yaşam tarzı ve sosyodemografik faktörlerin demir eksikliği anemisi ile ilişkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 124 - 130, 16.09.2021

Burkay Yakar , Gamzecan Karakaya Erhan Önalan , Edibe Pirinçci , Emir Dönder

https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.704971

Öz

Giriş: Anemi, günümüzde dünyayı etkileyen önemli halk sağlığı sorunlarından biridir. Demir eksikliği anemisi (DEA) bu anemi popülasyonunun çoğunu oluşturur. Bu çalışma, yetişkin Türk popülasyonunda DEA ile sosyo-demografik, yaşam tarzı, diyet, fiziksel aktivite ve farklı beden boyutları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Bu vaka kontrol çalışması Ağustos ve Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak hastanenin iç hastalıkları polikliniğinde gerçekleştirildi. Toplam 101 anemik ve yaş ve cinsiyetleri benzer 111 anemik olmayan sağlıklı kontroller çalışmaya dahil edildi. Demir eksikliği anemisi hem anemi hem de inflamasyona göre ayarlanmış ferritin konsantrasyonunun 15 ng/ml'den az olması olarak tanımlandı. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik, yaşam tarzı ve beslenme özellikleri bir anket formu ile sorgulanmıştır. Katılımcıların fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi (IPAQ) ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Anemik olmayan 111 (90 kadın, 21 erkek) ve anemik 101 (90 kadın, 11 erkek) katılımcı çalışmaya dahil edildi. İşsizlik (p = 0,02), çay tüketimi (p = 0,001), kronik hastalık (p = 0,036), fiziksel aktivite (p <0,001) ve diyet çeşitliliği (p <0,001) ile anemi arasında istatistiksel anlamlı ilişki saptandı. Anemik katılımcıların vücut kitle indeksi anemik olmayanlardan yüksekti (p = 0,025). İş (OR: 2,81, %95 CI: 1,024–7,721, p = 0,045), fiziksel aktivite (minimum) (OR: 0,14, %95 CI: 0,053–0,364, p <0,001), fiziksel aktivite (aktif) (OR: 0,30, %95 CI: 0,097–0,926, p = 0,036), çay tüketim zamanı (OR: 4,42, %95 CI: 1,767–11,059, p = 0,001), sebze porsiyonu (OR: 0,61, %95 CI: 0,433–0,869, p = 0,006), süt ürünleri porsiyonu (OR: 0,54, %95 CI: 0,334-0,886, p = 0,015) bağımsız olarak DEA ile ilişkiliydi.
Sonuç: Diyet çeşitliliği, VKİ, kronik hastalık, işsizlik, fiziksel aktivite ve çay tüketimi anemiyle ilişkili faktörler olarak bulunmuştur. Gıda takviyesi ve diyet eğitimi, demir durumunun iyileştirilmesine ve risk altında ki popülasyonda demir eksikliği anemisinin yaygınlığının azaltılmasına katkıda bulunabilir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Demir eksikliği anemisi; vücut kitle indeksi, yaşam tarzı; diyet, fiziksel aktivite

Anahtar Kelimeler

Demir eksikliği anemisi vücut kitle indeksi yaşam tarzı diyet fiziksel aktivite

Kaynakça

  • 1. WHO. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011 (WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.1) (http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf, accessed [21.01.2020])
  • 2. Kassebaum NJ, Jasrasaria R, Naghavi M, Wulf SK, Johns N, Lozano R, et al. A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010. Blood. 2014;123(5):615-24. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-06-508325
  • 3. Culleton BF, Manns BJ, Zhang J, Tonelli M, Klarenbach S, Hemmelgarn BR. Impact of anemia on hospitalization and mortality in older adults. Blood. 2006;107(10):3841-6. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-10-4308
  • 4. Haider BA, Olofin I, Wang M, Spiegelman D, Ezzati M, Fawzi WW; Nutrition Impact Model Study Group (anaemia). Anaemia, prenatal iron use, and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f3443. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f3443
  • 5. Killip S, Bennett JM, Chambers MD. Iron deficiency anemia. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75(5):671-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17375513
  • 6. Li J, Xiao C, Yang H, Zhou Y, Wang R, Cao Y. Anemia and iron status among different body size phenotypes in Chinese adult population: a nation-wide, health and nutrition survey. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2018;185(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-017-1213-x
  • 7. Armah SM, Boy E, Chen D, Candal P, Reddy MB. Regular consumption of a high-phytate diet reduces the inhibitory effect of phytate on nonheme-iron absorption in women with suboptimal iron stores. J Nutr. 2015;145(8):1735-9. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.209957
  • 8. Vandevijvere S, Michels N, Verstraete S, Ferrari M, Leclercq C, Cuenca-García M, et al. Intake and dietary sources of haem and non-haem iron among European adolescents and their association with iron status and different lifestyle and socio-economic factors. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(7):765-72. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.100
  • 9. Blanco-Rojo R, Toxqui L, López-Parra AM, Baeza-Richer C, Pérez-Granados AM, Arroyo-Pardo E, Vaquero MP. Influence of diet, menstruation, and genetic factors on iron status: a cross-sectional study in Spanish women of childbearing age. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15(3):4077-87. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15034077
  • 10. Liu JM, Hankinson SE, Stampfer MJ, Rifai N, Willett WC, Ma J. Body iron stores and their determinants in healthy postmenopausal US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(6):1160-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.6.1160
  • 11. GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(1):13-27. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614362
  • 12. Ausk KJ, Ioannou GN. Is obesity associated with anemia of chronic disease? A population-based study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(10):2356-61. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.353
  • 13. Eckhardt CL, Torheim LE, Monterrubio E, Barquera S, Ruel MT. The overlap of overweight and anaemia among women in three countries undergoing the nutrition transition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(2):238-46. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602727
  • 14. Gillum RF. Association of serum ferritin and indices of body fat distribution and obesity in Mexican American men--the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25(5):639-45. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801561
  • 15. Moayeri H, Bidad K, Zadhoush S, Gholami N, Anari S. Increasing prevalence of iron deficiency in overweight and obese children and adolescents (Tehran Adolescent Obesity Study). Eur J Pediatr. 2006;165(11):813–814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-006-
  • 16. Cepeda-Lopez AC, Osendarp SJ, Melse-Boonstra A, Aeberli I, Gonzalez-Salazar F, Feskens E, Villalpando S, Zimmermann MB. Sharply higher rates of iron deficiency in obese Mexican women and children are predicted by obesity-related inflammation rather than by differences in dietary iron intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(5):975-83. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.005439
  • 17. Jeon YJ, Jung IA, Kim SH, Cho WK, Jeong SH, Cho KS, Park SH, Jung MH, Suh BK. Serum ferritin level is higher in male adolescents with obesity: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2013;18(3):141-7. https://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2013.18.3.141
  • 18. Andrews M, Soto N, Arredondo-Olguín M. Association between ferritin and hepcidin levels and inflammatory status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Nutrition. 2015;31(1):51-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.019
  • 19. Saglam M, Arikan H, Savci S, Inal-Ince D, Bosnak-Guclu M, Karabulut E, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Percept Mot Skills 2010;111(1):278–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5
  • 20. Patient Monitoring Guide for dieticians / Weight Management Handbook. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, No: 1081, Ankara, 2017. [in Turkish]
  • 21. Zijp IM, Korver O, Tijburg LBM. Effect of tea and other dietary factors on iron absorption. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.2000;40(5):371-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690091189194
  • 22. Chalise B, Aryal KK, Mehta RK, Dhimal M, Sakota F, Mehata S, et al. Prevalence and correlates of anemia among adolescents in Nepal: Findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0208878. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208878
  • 23. Theurl I, Aigner E, Theurl M, Nairz M, Seifert M, Schroll A, et al. Regulation of iron homeostasis in anemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency anemia: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Blood 2009; 113 (21): 5277–86. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-12-195651
  • 24. Mascitelli L, Goldstein MR. Inhibition of iron absorption by polyphenols as an anti-cancer mechanism. QJM. 2011;104(5):459-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcq239
  • 25. Ahmad Fuzi SF, Koller D, Bruggraber S, Pereira DI, Dainty JR, Mushtaq S. A 1-h time interval between a meal containing iron and consumption of tea attenuates the inhibitory effects on iron absorption: a controlled trial in a cohort of healthy UK women using a stable iron isotope. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106(6):1413-21. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.161364
  • 26. Al-alimi AA, Bashanfer S, Morish MA. Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among University Students in Hodeida Province, Yemen. Anemia 2018;2018:4157876. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4157876
  • 27. Hogenkamp P, Jerling J, Hoekstra T, Melse-Boonstra A, MacIntyre U. Association between consumption of black tea and iron status in adult Africans in the Northwest Province: The THUSA study. British J Nutr 2008;100(2):430-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711450889441X
  • 28. Cepeda-Lopez AC, Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB. Does obesity increase risk for iron deficiency? A review of the literature and the potential mechanisms. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2010;80(4-5): 263-70. https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000033
  • 29. Abo Zeid AA, El Saka MH, Abdalfattah AA, Zineldeen DH. Potential factors contributing to poor iron status with obesity. Alexandria J Med 2014;50:45–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2013.
  • 30. Cepeda-Lopez AC, Aeberli I, Zhao L, Zhang X, ShenY, Fang X, et al. Obesity and iron deficiency: a quantitative meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015;16:1081–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12323
  • 31. Levi M, Simonetti M, Marconi E, Brignoli O, Cancian M, Masotti A, et al. Gender differences in determinants of iron-deficiency anemia: a population-based study conducted in four European countries. Ann Hematol 2019;98:1573–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-019-03707-w
  • 32. Hu PJ, Ley SH, Bhupathiraju SN, Li Y, Wang DD. Associations of dietary, lifestyle, and sociodemographic factors with iron status in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study in the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105(2):503–12. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.136861
  • 33. Kokubo Y, Yokoyama Y, Kisara K, Ohira Y, Sunami A, Yoshizaki T, et al. Relationship between dietary factors and bodily iron status among Japanese collegiate elite female rhythmic gymnasts. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016;26(2): 105-13. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0123
  • 34. Jalambo M, Karim N, Naser I, Sharif R. Prevalence and risk factor analysis of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia among female adolescents in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Public Health Nutr 2018;21(15): 2793-802. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018001568
  • 35. Galan P, Yoon H, Preziosi P, Viteri F, Valeix P, Fieux B, et al. Determining factors in the iron status of adult women in the SU.VI.MAX study. Supplementation en vitamines et minéraux antioxydants. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998;52:383–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600561
  • 36. Felipe A, Guadalupe E, Druso P, Carlos M, Pablo S, Oscar C, et al. Serum ferritin is associated with metabolic syndrome and red meat consumption. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015;2015:769739. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155%2F2015%2F769739
  • 37. Heath AL, Skeaff CM, Williams S, Gibson RS. The role of blood loss and diet in the aetiology of mild iron deficiency in premenopausal adult New Zealand women. Public Health Nutr 2001;4:197–206. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn200054
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri, İç Hastalıkları
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi (Original Article)
Yazarlar

Burkay Yakar 0000-0003-2745-6561

Gamzecan Karakaya 0000-0002-9699-1341

Erhan Önalan 0000-0001-5395-0390

Edibe Pirinçci 0000-0002-1344-4562

Emir Dönder 0000-0003-2537-6023

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Eylül 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Mart 2020
Kabul Tarihi 9 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yakar, B., Karakaya, G., Önalan, E., … Pirinçci, E. (2021). Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia. Family Practice and Palliative Care, 6(3), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.704971
AMA Yakar B, Karakaya G, Önalan E, Pirinçci E, Dönder E. Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia. Fam Pract Palliat Care. Aralık 2021;6(3):124-130. doi:10.22391/fppc.704971
Chicago Yakar, Burkay, Gamzecan Karakaya, Erhan Önalan, Edibe Pirinçci, ve Emir Dönder. “Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia”. Family Practice and Palliative Care 6, sy. 3 (Aralık 2021): 124-30. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.704971.
EndNote Yakar B, Karakaya G, Önalan E, Pirinçci E, Dönder E (01 Aralık 2021) Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia. Family Practice and Palliative Care 6 3 124–130.
IEEE B. Yakar, G. Karakaya, E. Önalan, E. Pirinçci, ve E. Dönder, “Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia”., Fam Pract Palliat Care, c. 6, sy. 3, ss. 124–130, 2021, doi: 10.22391/fppc.704971.
ISNAD Yakar, Burkay vd. “Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia”. Family Practice and Palliative Care 6/3 (Aralık2021), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.704971.
JAMA Yakar B, Karakaya G, Önalan E, Pirinçci E, Dönder E. Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2021;6:124–130.
MLA Yakar, Burkay vd. “Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia”. Family Practice and Palliative Care, c. 6, sy. 3, 2021, ss. 124-30, doi:10.22391/fppc.704971.
Vancouver Yakar B, Karakaya G, Önalan E, Pirinçci E, Dönder E. Associations of dietary, body mass index, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors with iron deficiency anemia. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2021;6(3):124-30.

Family Practice and Palliative Care      ISSN 2458-8865       E-ISSN 2459-1505