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Araştırma Makalesi
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Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 51 - 56, 30.08.2019

Dincer Atila , Onur Dalgic Yasemin Kilic Ozturk

https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.483544

Öz



Introduction: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death
worldwide. Both hypertension and obesity are frequent in Turkey and are seen in
around 30% of the population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of
hypertension and to investigate its relationship with obesity in patients
admitted to a cardiology outpatient clinic.



Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was
conducted between the 15th of January and the 28th of February 2018 at the
Medical Park İzmir Hospital Cardiology Polyclinics. Data were collected from 55
out of 256 people who were referred to the clinic on the specified dates. Data
were collected about systolic and diastolic blood pressures, height, weight,
gender, age category, educational status, marital status, and history of
hypertension.



Results: Of the participants, 35
(63.6%) were men, and 20 (36.4%) were women. The mean age and body mass index
values were 44.60±11.03and 28.18±3.89kg/m2, respectively. In total, 85.4% were
overweight or obese. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were
140.09±7.99 mmHg and 90.69±7.07 mmHg, respectively. 31 (56.4%) patients had
systolic, 34 (61.8%) had diastolic, and 37 (67.3%) had systolic or diastolic
hypertension. Of those with hypertension, 26 (70.2%) were not aware of their
condition. In the regression analysis, gender was the only independent factor
predicting high blood pressure (p=0.005; odds ratio=6.4).



Conclusion: Hypertension and obesity were common among
patients in the cardiology outpatient clinics. Family physicians are expected
to be competent in managing common health problems and are focused on
preventive health practices, and thus, they should take a more active role in
the struggle against hypertension and obesity.



Anahtar Kelimeler

Hypertension blood pressure obesity cardiology cross-sectional survey

Kaynakça

  • 1. Mensah GA, Wei GS, Sorlie PD, Fine LJ, Rosenberg Y, Kaufmann PG, et al. c. Circ Res. 2017 Jan;120(2):366–80. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309115
  • 2. ‎Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease ‎prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular ‎Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representati. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(29):2315–81. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27222591
  • 3. Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abate KH, Abd-Allah F, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and ‎years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of ‎Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2
  • 4. ‎Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, Graham I, Reiner Ž, Verschuren M, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in ‎clinical practice (version 2012). Eur Heart J. 2012;33(13):1635–701. ‎https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-012-9242-5
  • 5. ‎HeartScore Turkey [Internet]. European Association of Preventive Cardiology. 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 5]. Available from: http://www.heartscore.org/tr_TR/access-heartscore
  • 6. ‎Unal B, Ergor G. Türki̇ye kroni̇k hastalıklar ve ri̇sk faktörleri̇ sıklığı çalışması. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2013. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/khrfat.pdf
  • 7. ‎Altun B, Arici M, Nergizoglu G, Derici Ü, Karatan O, Turgan Ç, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in ‎Turkey (the PatenT study) in 2003. J Hypertens. 2005;23(10):1817–23. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000176789.89505.59
  • 8. ‎National Institutes of Health. Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. North American Association for the Study of Obesity. The practical guide: ‎identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. NIH Publication Number 00-4084. 2000. ‎https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/prctgd_c.pdf
  • 9. ‎‎‎Yumuk VD. Prevalence of obesity in Turkey. Obes Rev 2005;6:9–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00172.x
  • 10. ‎Lew EA, Garfinkel L. Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32(8):563–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(79)90119-X
  • 11. ‎Higgins Mi, Kannel W, Garrison R, Pinsky J, Stokes J. Hazards of obesity‐the Framingham experience. Acta Med Scand. ‎‎1987;222(S723):23–36. ‎https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05925.x
  • 12. ‎Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational ‎Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):1623–7. ‎‎https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296
  • 13. ‎Lenth R. Java Applets for Power and Sample Size [Computer software] [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2018 May 24]. Available from: ‎https://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~rlenth/Power/‎
  • 14. ‎Visscher TLS, Snijder MB, Seidell JC. Epidemiology: definition and classification of obesity. Clin Obes adults Child. 2010;3–14. ‎https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444307627.ch1
  • 15. ‎Chobanian A V, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo Jr JL, et al. The seventh report of the joint national committee on ‎prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. Jama. 2003;289(19):2560–71. ‎http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.19.2560
  • 16. ‎Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. ‎‎2005;365(9455):217–23. ‎https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70151-3
  • 17. ‎Soydan İ. Hipertansiyon ile ilgili TEKHARF çalışması verileri ve yorumu. Türk Erişkinlerde Kalp Sağlığı (TEKHARF) İstanbul Argos ‎iletişim. 2003; ‎
  • 18. ‎Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği. METSAR “Türkiye Metabolik Sendrom Araştırması.” In: 21 Ulusal Kardiyoloji Kongresi, 16-20 Kasım 2005 ‎‎[Internet]. Antalya; Available from: http://www.metsend.org/pdf/Metsar-metsend.pdf
  • 19. ‎TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Birinci Basamakta Kronik Hastalıklar Kontrol Programı-I Hipertansiyon. ‎Ankara: Onur Matbaacılık; 2003. ‎
  • 20. ‎Arıcı M, Çağlar Ş. Hipertansiyon ve oluşturduğu sorunlar. Hacettepe Tıp Derg. 2002;33(1):4–9. ‎
  • 21. ‎Oskay EM, Önsüz MF, Toğuzoğlu A. İzmir’de bir sağlik ocağı’nda başvuranların hipertansiyon hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve görüşlerinin ‎değerlendirilmesi. ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Derg. 2010;11(1):3–9. ‎http://adudspace.adu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11607/1898
  • 22. ‎Stergiou GS, Salgami E V. New European, American and International guidelines for hypertension management: agreement and ‎disagreement. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2004 May;2(3):359–68. ‎https://doi.org/10.1586/14779072.2.3.359
  • 23. ‎Oh VM. Hypertension Management and Prevention: The Devil is Ever in the Details. Vol. 46, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, ‎Singapore. Singapore; 2017. p. 364–6. ‎https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29177364
  • 24. ‎Campbell NRC, Niebylski ML. Prevention and control of hypertension: developing a global agenda. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2014 ‎Jul;29(4):324–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000067
  • 25. ‎Campbell NRC, Lackland DT, Lisheng L, Zhang X, Nilsson PM, Redburn KA, et al. The World Hypertension League challenges ‎hypertension and cardiovascular organizations to develop strategic plans for the prevention and control of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. ‎‎2015;17(5):325–7. ‎https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12557
  • 26. ‎Wang W, Lee ET, Fabsitz RR, Devereux R, Best L, Welty TK, et al. A longitudinal study of hypertension risk factors and their relation to ‎cardiovascular disease: the Strong Heart Study. Hypertension. 2006;47(3):403–9. ‎https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000200710.29498.80
  • 27. ‎Gillis EE, Sullivan JC. Sex Differences in Hypertension: Recent Advances. Hypertens (Dallas, Tex 1979) [Internet]. 2016/10/24. 2016 ‎Dec;68(6):1322–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.06602
  • 28. ‎Sağlık Bakanlığı. Ulusal Hastalık Yükü ve Maliyet Etkililik Projesi, Hastalık Yükü Final Raporu. Sağlık Bakanl Refik Saydam Hıfzısıhha ‎Merk Başkanlığı, Hıfzısıhha Merk Müdürlüğü, Başkent Üniversitesi. 2004; ‎https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/200704061339590_NBDtr.pdf
  • 29. ‎Assembly UNG. Note by the Secretary‐General transmitting the report of the Director‐General of the World Health Organization on the ‎prevention and control of non‐communicable diseases. In Department for General Assembly and Conference Management New York, ‎USA; 2013. ‎https://www.who.int/nmh/events/2012/20121128.pdf?ua=1
  • 30. ‎TC Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010: Beslenme durumu ve alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi sonuç raporu. ‎Ankara, Turkey; 2014. ‎https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/kitaplar/diger-kitaplar/TBSA-Beslenme-Yayini.pdf
  • 31. ‎Akturk Z, Set T, Taştan K, Dağdeviren N, Şahin EM, Özer C. The Role of Family Medicine in Undergraduate Medical Education. In: ‎Steylaerts C, editor. World Book of Family Medicine – European Edition [Internet]. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Stichting WONCA Europe; ‎‎2015. p. 21–4. https://www.woncaeurope.org/sites/default/files/World%20Book%202015.pdf
  • 32. ‎Dikici MF, Kartal M, Alptekin S, Çubukçu M, Ayanoğlu AS, Yarış F. Aile hekimliğinde kavramlar, görev tanımı ve disiplininin tarihçesi. ‎Turkiye Klin J Med Sci. 2007;27(3):412–8. ‎https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/pdf/?pdf=c5008f08470563ad92549f2bbc6cdd42
  • 33. ‎Allen J, Gay B, Crebolder H, Heyrman J, Svab I, Ram P. WONCA Europe. The European definition of general practice/family medicine. ‎Evans P, editor. Barcelona: WONCA Europe; 2002. https://www.woncaeurope.org/sites/default/files/documents/Definition%203rd%20ed%202011%20with%20revised%20wonca%20tree.pdf

Bir kardiyoloji polikliniğinde hipertansiyon ve obezite yaygınlığı: Kesitsel bir araştırma‎

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 51 - 56, 30.08.2019

Dincer Atila , Onur Dalgic Yasemin Kilic Ozturk

https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.483544

Öz



Giriş: Aterosklerotik kardiyovasküler hastalıklar bütün
dünyada erken ölüm nedenlerinin başında yer ‎almaktadır. Türkiye’de gerek
hipertansiyon, gerekse obezite yaygınlığı yüksek olup, her ikisi de %30 civarındadır‎.
‎Bu çalışmada kardiyoloji polikliniğine başvuran kişilerde hipertansiyon
yaygınlığının belirlenmesi ve obezite ile hipertansiyon ilişkisinin
araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.



Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tasarımdaki bu araştırma 15 Ocak – 28 Şubat 2018
tarihleri arasında Medical Park İzmir Hastanesi ‎kardiyoloji polikliniğinde
yürütülmüştür. Polikliniğe belirtilen tarihlerde başvuran 256 kişiden 55’inin
verileri analiz edilmiştir.‎ Katılımcıların sistolik ve diyastolik kan
basınçları, boy, ağırlık, cinsiyet, yaş kategorisi, öğrenim ‎durumu, medeni
durum ve bilinen hipertansiyon varlığı hakkında veri toplanmıştır.‎

Bulgular: Katılımcıların 35’i (%63,6) erkek, 20’si (%36,4) kadındı. Yaş
ortalaması ‎‎44,60±11,03 ‎idi. Çalışmaya katılanlarda vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ)
ortalaması 28,18±3,89 idi; ‎‎%85,4 kilolu veya obez sınıfındaydı. ‎Sistolik ve
diyastolik kan basıncı ortalamaları sırasıyla 140,09±7,99 mmHg ve 90,69±7,07
‎mmHg idi. Katılımcıların 31’inde (%56,4) sistolik, 34’ünde (%61,8) diyastolik,
‎‎37’sinde (%67,3) ise sistolik veya diyastolik hipertansiyon bulunmaktaydı.
‎Hipertansiyon tespit edilen 37 kişiden 26’sında (%70,2) hipertansiyon öyküsü
‎bulunmamaktaydı.‎ Regresyon analizinde cinsiyetin yüksek kan basıncı için
diğer faktörlerden bağımsız bir şekilde ‎belirleyici olduğu saptandı (p=0,005;
odds oranı=6,4).







Sonuç: Kardiyoloji polikliniğine başvuran kişiler arasında hipertansiyon ve
‎obezite oranları yüksektir. Sık görülen sağlık sorunlarının yönetilmesinde
yetkin olması beklenen ve ‎koruyucu sağlık uygulamalarına odaklı aile
hekimlerinin hipertansiyon ve obeziteyle mücadelede ‎daha etkin rol almaları
gerekmektedir.‎



Anahtar Kelimeler

Hipertansiyon kan basıncı obezite kardiyoloji kesitsel araştırma

Kaynakça

  • 1. Mensah GA, Wei GS, Sorlie PD, Fine LJ, Rosenberg Y, Kaufmann PG, et al. c. Circ Res. 2017 Jan;120(2):366–80. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309115
  • 2. ‎Piepoli MF, Hoes AW, Agewall S, Albus C, Brotons C, Catapano AL, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease ‎prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular ‎Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representati. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(29):2315–81. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27222591
  • 3. Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abate KH, Abd-Allah F, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and ‎years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of ‎Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2
  • 4. ‎Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, Graham I, Reiner Ž, Verschuren M, et al. European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in ‎clinical practice (version 2012). Eur Heart J. 2012;33(13):1635–701. ‎https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-012-9242-5
  • 5. ‎HeartScore Turkey [Internet]. European Association of Preventive Cardiology. 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 5]. Available from: http://www.heartscore.org/tr_TR/access-heartscore
  • 6. ‎Unal B, Ergor G. Türki̇ye kroni̇k hastalıklar ve ri̇sk faktörleri̇ sıklığı çalışması. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2013. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/khrfat.pdf
  • 7. ‎Altun B, Arici M, Nergizoglu G, Derici Ü, Karatan O, Turgan Ç, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in ‎Turkey (the PatenT study) in 2003. J Hypertens. 2005;23(10):1817–23. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000176789.89505.59
  • 8. ‎National Institutes of Health. Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. North American Association for the Study of Obesity. The practical guide: ‎identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. NIH Publication Number 00-4084. 2000. ‎https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/prctgd_c.pdf
  • 9. ‎‎‎Yumuk VD. Prevalence of obesity in Turkey. Obes Rev 2005;6:9–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00172.x
  • 10. ‎Lew EA, Garfinkel L. Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32(8):563–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(79)90119-X
  • 11. ‎Higgins Mi, Kannel W, Garrison R, Pinsky J, Stokes J. Hazards of obesity‐the Framingham experience. Acta Med Scand. ‎‎1987;222(S723):23–36. ‎https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb05925.x
  • 12. ‎Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational ‎Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007;4(10):1623–7. ‎‎https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296
  • 13. ‎Lenth R. Java Applets for Power and Sample Size [Computer software] [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2018 May 24]. Available from: ‎https://homepage.divms.uiowa.edu/~rlenth/Power/‎
  • 14. ‎Visscher TLS, Snijder MB, Seidell JC. Epidemiology: definition and classification of obesity. Clin Obes adults Child. 2010;3–14. ‎https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444307627.ch1
  • 15. ‎Chobanian A V, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo Jr JL, et al. The seventh report of the joint national committee on ‎prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. Jama. 2003;289(19):2560–71. ‎http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.19.2560
  • 16. ‎Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. ‎‎2005;365(9455):217–23. ‎https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)70151-3
  • 17. ‎Soydan İ. Hipertansiyon ile ilgili TEKHARF çalışması verileri ve yorumu. Türk Erişkinlerde Kalp Sağlığı (TEKHARF) İstanbul Argos ‎iletişim. 2003; ‎
  • 18. ‎Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği. METSAR “Türkiye Metabolik Sendrom Araştırması.” In: 21 Ulusal Kardiyoloji Kongresi, 16-20 Kasım 2005 ‎‎[Internet]. Antalya; Available from: http://www.metsend.org/pdf/Metsar-metsend.pdf
  • 19. ‎TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü. Birinci Basamakta Kronik Hastalıklar Kontrol Programı-I Hipertansiyon. ‎Ankara: Onur Matbaacılık; 2003. ‎
  • 20. ‎Arıcı M, Çağlar Ş. Hipertansiyon ve oluşturduğu sorunlar. Hacettepe Tıp Derg. 2002;33(1):4–9. ‎
  • 21. ‎Oskay EM, Önsüz MF, Toğuzoğlu A. İzmir’de bir sağlik ocağı’nda başvuranların hipertansiyon hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve görüşlerinin ‎değerlendirilmesi. ADÜ Tıp Fakültesi Derg. 2010;11(1):3–9. ‎http://adudspace.adu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11607/1898
  • 22. ‎Stergiou GS, Salgami E V. New European, American and International guidelines for hypertension management: agreement and ‎disagreement. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2004 May;2(3):359–68. ‎https://doi.org/10.1586/14779072.2.3.359
  • 23. ‎Oh VM. Hypertension Management and Prevention: The Devil is Ever in the Details. Vol. 46, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, ‎Singapore. Singapore; 2017. p. 364–6. ‎https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29177364
  • 24. ‎Campbell NRC, Niebylski ML. Prevention and control of hypertension: developing a global agenda. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2014 ‎Jul;29(4):324–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000067
  • 25. ‎Campbell NRC, Lackland DT, Lisheng L, Zhang X, Nilsson PM, Redburn KA, et al. The World Hypertension League challenges ‎hypertension and cardiovascular organizations to develop strategic plans for the prevention and control of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. ‎‎2015;17(5):325–7. ‎https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12557
  • 26. ‎Wang W, Lee ET, Fabsitz RR, Devereux R, Best L, Welty TK, et al. A longitudinal study of hypertension risk factors and their relation to ‎cardiovascular disease: the Strong Heart Study. Hypertension. 2006;47(3):403–9. ‎https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000200710.29498.80
  • 27. ‎Gillis EE, Sullivan JC. Sex Differences in Hypertension: Recent Advances. Hypertens (Dallas, Tex 1979) [Internet]. 2016/10/24. 2016 ‎Dec;68(6):1322–7. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.06602
  • 28. ‎Sağlık Bakanlığı. Ulusal Hastalık Yükü ve Maliyet Etkililik Projesi, Hastalık Yükü Final Raporu. Sağlık Bakanl Refik Saydam Hıfzısıhha ‎Merk Başkanlığı, Hıfzısıhha Merk Müdürlüğü, Başkent Üniversitesi. 2004; ‎https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/200704061339590_NBDtr.pdf
  • 29. ‎Assembly UNG. Note by the Secretary‐General transmitting the report of the Director‐General of the World Health Organization on the ‎prevention and control of non‐communicable diseases. In Department for General Assembly and Conference Management New York, ‎USA; 2013. ‎https://www.who.int/nmh/events/2012/20121128.pdf?ua=1
  • 30. ‎TC Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2010: Beslenme durumu ve alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi sonuç raporu. ‎Ankara, Turkey; 2014. ‎https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayat-db/Yayinlar/kitaplar/diger-kitaplar/TBSA-Beslenme-Yayini.pdf
  • 31. ‎Akturk Z, Set T, Taştan K, Dağdeviren N, Şahin EM, Özer C. The Role of Family Medicine in Undergraduate Medical Education. In: ‎Steylaerts C, editor. World Book of Family Medicine – European Edition [Internet]. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Stichting WONCA Europe; ‎‎2015. p. 21–4. https://www.woncaeurope.org/sites/default/files/World%20Book%202015.pdf
  • 32. ‎Dikici MF, Kartal M, Alptekin S, Çubukçu M, Ayanoğlu AS, Yarış F. Aile hekimliğinde kavramlar, görev tanımı ve disiplininin tarihçesi. ‎Turkiye Klin J Med Sci. 2007;27(3):412–8. ‎https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/pdf/?pdf=c5008f08470563ad92549f2bbc6cdd42
  • 33. ‎Allen J, Gay B, Crebolder H, Heyrman J, Svab I, Ram P. WONCA Europe. The European definition of general practice/family medicine. ‎Evans P, editor. Barcelona: WONCA Europe; 2002. https://www.woncaeurope.org/sites/default/files/documents/Definition%203rd%20ed%202011%20with%20revised%20wonca%20tree.pdf
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi (Original Article)
Yazarlar

Dincer Atila 0000-0003-0835-2740

Onur Dalgic 0000-0001-9929-1407

Yasemin Kilic Ozturk 0000-0003-1463-6627

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Kasım 2018
Kabul Tarihi 2 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Atila, D., Dalgic, O., & Ozturk, Y. K. (2019). Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study. Family Practice and Palliative Care, 4(2), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.483544
AMA Atila D, Dalgic O, Ozturk YK. Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study. Fam Pract Palliat Care. Ağustos 2019;4(2):51-56. doi:10.22391/fppc.483544
Chicago Atila, Dincer, Onur Dalgic, ve Yasemin Kilic Ozturk. “Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study”. Family Practice and Palliative Care 4, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2019): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.483544.
EndNote Atila D, Dalgic O, Ozturk YK (01 Ağustos 2019) Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study. Family Practice and Palliative Care 4 2 51–56.
IEEE D. Atila, O. Dalgic, ve Y. K. Ozturk, “Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study”, Fam Pract Palliat Care, c. 4, sy. 2, ss. 51–56, 2019, doi: 10.22391/fppc.483544.
ISNAD Atila, Dincer vd. “Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study”. Family Practice and Palliative Care 4/2 (Ağustos2019), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.483544.
JAMA Atila D, Dalgic O, Ozturk YK. Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2019;4:51–56.
MLA Atila, Dincer vd. “Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study”. Family Practice and Palliative Care, c. 4, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 51-56, doi:10.22391/fppc.483544.
Vancouver Atila D, Dalgic O, Ozturk YK. Hypertension and obesity in cardiology outpatients: a cross-sectional study. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2019;4(2):51-6.

Family Practice and Palliative Care      ISSN 2458-8865       E-ISSN 2459-1505